DNA Methyltransferases

DNMT inhibitors block the DNA methyltransferases that add methyl groups to cytosine residues in genomic DNA. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity at cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites helps silence genes, transposable elements and imprinted loci. DNMT1 copies existing methylation patterns after replication, and its loss causes embryonic lethality in mice. DNMT3A and DNMT3B establish new patterns during development, a role shown in knockout mice in 1999. Cytidine analogs were linked to the inhibition of DNA methylation and to cell differentiation as early as 1980. The category includes the nucleoside analogs azacitidine, decitabine, zebularine and guadecitabine, together with the non-nucleoside inhibitor RG108.

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