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CTLA-4 antibodies and inhibitors target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). CTLA-4 is an inhibitory T-cell receptor, a homolog of the costimulatory receptor cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28) that binds the same ligands, B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), on antigen-presenting cells. It binds them with higher affinity than CD28 and so limits costimulation and T-cell activation. Mice lacking CTLA-4 develop massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction. Most products here are antibodies, such as the anti-CTLA-4 antibodies quavonlimab and gotistobart. Vudalimab is a bispecific antibody against CTLA-4 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Davoceticept is listed as a dual inhibitor of CTLA-4 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and AN02 as a CTLA-4 degrader.
Vudalimab is a fully human bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting both PD-1 and CTLA-4, two key immune checkpoint receptors. By simultaneously blocking these pathways, Vudalimab enhances T-cell activation in the tumor microenvironment and is widely used in research on immune checkpoint blockade, tumor immunology, and combination immunotherapy strategies.
Synonyms: MGD019
Lorigerlimab (MGD019) is a bispecific IgG4 dual-affinity re-targeting antibody (DART) designed to simultaneously inhibit the activity of PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints. By blocking these pathways, Lorigerlimab enhances T-cell mediated immune responses, which are critical in the control and elimination of tumors. This antibody is particularly relevant for studies focused on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), providing a valuable tool for research in immune checkpoint blockade therapies and their role in cancer immunology.
