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Microtubule and tubulin inhibitors bind tubulin and either stabilize microtubules or block their assembly. Microtubules are dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin dimers that build the mitotic spindle and serve as tracks for intracellular transport. Compounds that alter their dynamics arrest cells in mitosis and are standard tools in cell division research. Taxanes such as paclitaxel, docetaxel and cabazitaxel stabilize microtubules, and paclitaxel was shown in 1979 to promote tubulin assembly in vitro. Epothilone B and ixabepilone also stabilize microtubules through the taxane binding region of β-tubulin. The vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinorelbine, colchicine and eribulin act in the opposite direction and suppress polymerization.
Synonyms: TubA
Tubulysin A(TubA) is a myxobacterial product that can function as an antiangiogenic agent in many in vitro assays; anti-microtubule, anti-mitotic, an apoptosis inducer, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, and antiproliferative.
PPL agonist-1 is a selective agonist targeting Periplakin (PPL), known to enhance cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. This modulation of PPL significantly increases MITF expression, leading to augmented melanin synthesis. Additionally, PPL agonist-1 influences tryptophan metabolism to further stimulate melanin production. Its efficacy positions PPL agonist-1 as a promising candidate for research aimed at investigating potential treatments for vitiligo.
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2'-Deoxy-PTX is a derivative of Paclitaxel that functions as a microtubule assembly inducer. It binds efficiently to GMPcPP-stabilized microtubules, exhibiting a binding affinity with a Kaapp of 0.50 × 10^6 M^-1. By promoting the assembly of tubulin into stable microtubules, 2'-Deoxy-PTX serves as a valuable reagent in cancer research, particularly in studies focused on prostate cancer.
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TCS 2210 is a neuronal differentiation inducer that promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuronal lineages. This compound enhances the expression of key neuronal markers, including β-III tubulin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), making it a valuable tool for research in neurogenesis and neural cell development. Its application supports investigations into neurodegenerative diseases and potential regenerative therapies.
EVs inducer-1 is an extracellular vesicle (EV) release inducer that targets tubulin polymerization. This compound enhances the secretion of immunostimulatory EVs from antigen-presenting cells, particularly increasing EV particle release from dendritic cells and elevating CD63 reporter gene activity. Additionally, EVs inducer-1 inhibits the viability of proliferating cells, making it a valuable tool for research in immune regulation and EV biology.
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Synonyms: Cent-1
Centmitor-1 is a potent mitotic arrest inducer that targets microtubule dynamics by modulating microtubule plus-ends. Its application in cell studies reveals significant phenotypes, including chromosome alignment defects, multipolar spindle formation, centrosome fragmentation, and activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Centmitor-1 serves as a valuable tool for investigating mitotic processes and exploring therapeutic strategies in cancer research.
