Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulators are antioxidants, scavengers and enzyme inhibitors for oxidative stress work. Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals arise mainly from the mitochondrial respiratory chain and from oxidase enzymes. Cells remove superoxide with superoxide dismutase, an enzyme activity first described in 1969. Acetylcysteine supplies cysteine for glutathione synthesis, and Mito-TEMPO is a superoxide scavenger targeted to mitochondria. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, one enzymatic source of superoxide in tissues. Zinc protoporphyrin blocks heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), whose induction forms part of the cellular defense against oxidative stress. Temoporfin works the other way, as a photosensitizer that generates ROS under light. Inhibitors of the superoxide-producing enzymes are listed under NADPH Oxidase.

25 Items

  • 10-Gingerol
    Cat. No.
    A14475

    10-Gingerol

    10-Gingerol is an AMPK agonist derived from ginger oleoresin, exhibiting notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative properties. It effectively suppresses neointimal hyperplasia and inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Demonstrating significant radical scavenging activities, 10-Gingerol has IC50 values of 10.47 μM against DPPH, 1.68 μM against superoxide, and 1.35 μM against hydroxyl radicals. This compound also inhibits MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line proliferation with an IC50 of 12.1 μM, while targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to suppress proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote apoptosis. It holds potential for research applications in ulcerative colitis.

    5 mg
    $70.00
    10 mg
    $130.00
    All 6 sizes
  • ACA-28
    Cat. No.
    A24158

    ACA-28

    ACA-28 (compound 2a) is a potent modulator of the ERK MAPK signaling pathway that exerts anticancer effects through a unique mechanism involving ERK hyperactivation. Rather than inhibiting ERK activity directly, ACA-28 induces sustained ERK activation, which paradoxically triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. It demonstrates selective cytotoxicity, inhibiting the growth of melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) with an IC₅₀ of 5.3 μM, while showing lower toxicity toward normal human melanocytes (NHEM), with an IC₅₀ of 10.1 μM. ACA-28's ability to exploit ERK signaling dysregulation for selective induction of apoptosis makes it a promising candidate for further development in cancer therapy, particularly in ERK-dependent malignancies.

    5 mg
    $252.00
    10 mg
    $434.00
    All 4 sizes
  • Solasonine
    Cat. No.
    A24555

    Solasonine

    Solasonine is a naturally occurring steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from *Solanum melongena* (eggplant), known for its anti-infective, anticancer, and neurogenesis-promoting properties. It acts as a ferroptosis inducer by disrupting the glutathione redox system through inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). By promoting ferroptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, Solasonine serves as a valuable compound for investigating ferroptosis mechanisms and developing novel anticancer strategies.

    1 mg
    $36.00
    5 mg
    $108.00
    All 4 sizes
  • Perfluoroundecanoic acid
    Cat. No.
    A25848

    Perfluoroundecanoic acid

    Perfluoroundecanoic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that targets various cellular pathways. It has been shown to promote macrophage M2 polarization and activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, leading to enhanced nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Research indicates that perfluoroundecanoic acid can accelerate tumor progression, induce DNA damage, and contribute to reproductive and pathophysiological dysfunctions in male models. Additionally, it plays a role in the development of insulitis in type 1 diabetes models and inhibits Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats, making it valuable for studies in ovarian cancer, type 1 diabetes, and inflammation.

    500 mg
    $25.00
    1 g
    $45.00
    All 2 sizes
  • ROS-generating agent 1
    Cat. No.
    A26969

    ROS-generating agent 1

    ROS-generating agent 1 is a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that covalently modifies the Sec-498 residue of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), leading to an increase in intracellular ROS levels. This compound effectively reduces TrxR protein levels, initiating ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis in NCI-H460 cancer cells. Due to its ability to induce oxidative stress, ROS-generating agent 1 serves as a valuable tool for cancer research and therapeutic studies targeting oxidative damage mechanisms.

    1 mg
    $25.00
    5 mg
    $60.00
    All 7 sizes
  • Chloranil
    Cat. No.
    A27078

    Chloranil

    Synonyms: Tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone; TCBQ

    Chloranil (Tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone) functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, playing a significant role in research focused on oxidative stress. It is known to promote the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps via the ROS-JNK-NOX2 signaling pathway. Additionally, Chloranil has been shown to induce ferroptosis and neuroinflammation, as well as triggering apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells. Its multifaceted biological activities make it a valuable reagent for studies investigating ROS-mediated mechanisms and cellular responses.

    1 g
    $20.00
    25 g
    $25.00
    All 6 sizes
  • 7β-Hydroxycholesterol
    Cat. No.
    A30170

    7β-Hydroxycholesterol

    7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol formed through the oxidation of cholesterol, serving as a potent oxidative stress inducer. This compound is known to elicit cellular oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and necrosis, which contributes to its cytotoxic effects. Additionally, 7β-Hydroxycholesterol exhibits antitumor activity, making it relevant for research in cancer biology and cell death pathways.

    1 mg
    $40.00
    5 mg
    $120.00
    All 6 sizes
  • L-Glutamic acid monosodium (hydrate)
    Cat. No.
    A30326

    L-Glutamic acid monosodium (hydrate)

    L-Glutamic acid monosodium (hydrate) is primarily known as an oxidative stress inducer. It has been shown to induce oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis in liver and brain tissues, particularly in murine models. This compound serves as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders and obesity associated with oxidative stress.

    100 mg
    $20.00
    500 mg
    $25.00
    All 5 sizes
  • Didocosahexaenoin
    Cat. No.
    A32161

    Didocosahexaenoin

    Didocosahexaenoin is a diglyceride derivative of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) known to be a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. It significantly disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in elevated ROS levels and subsequent apoptosis. Research demonstrates that Didocosahexaenoin exhibits greater cytotoxicity compared to DHA, particularly in human prostate carcinoma cells, making it a valuable tool for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in cancer research.

    1 mg
    $125.00
    10 mg
    $1,615.00
    All 2 sizes
  • Xanthine oxidase, Microorganism
    Cat. No.
    A38769

    Xanthine oxidase, Microorganism

    Synonyms: XO; XOD

    Xanthine oxidase, Microorganism (XO) is an enzyme belonging to the xanthine oxidoreductase family that acts as a potent inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and subsequently converts xanthine into uric acid. Xanthine oxidase is widely utilized in research applications focused on oxidative stress, inflammation, and related pathological conditions.

    100 mg
    $80.00
    500 mg
    $190.00
    All 2 sizes
  • Dimethyl itaconate
    Cat. No.
    A38783

    Dimethyl itaconate

    Dimethyl itaconate acts as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer and is known for its immunomodulatory properties. It enhances innate immune memory (trained immunity) while inhibiting microglial activation, thereby reducing neuroinflammation and synaptic structural damage. Additionally, dimethyl itaconate has been shown to influence the composition of intestinal microbiota, making it useful for studies related to immune response and neuroinflammatory conditions.

    1 g
    $20.00
    100 g
    $25.00
    All 2 sizes
  • QD394
    Cat. No.
    A38852

    QD394

    QD394 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that facilitates lipid peroxidation and enhances intracellular ROS accumulation. It has been shown to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to the induction of ferroptosis. This compound is primarily utilized in research applications focused on oxidative stress, cellular signaling pathways, and the study of ferroptotic mechanisms.

    1 mg
    $70.00
    5 mg
    $180.00
    All 6 sizes
  • Sonlicromanol
    Cat. No.
    A38887

    Sonlicromanol

    Synonyms: KH176

    Sonlicromanol (KH176) is an orally active reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator that targets oxidative stress pathways. It exhibits significant biological activity in the context of mitochondrial diseases, making it a valuable tool for research into mitochondrial dysfunction and associated disorders. Its ability to selectively modulate ROS levels facilitates investigations into cellular metabolism and signaling processes.

    1 mg
    $155.00
    5 mg
    $395.00
    All 6 sizes
  • Sonlicromanol hydrochloride
    Cat. No.
    A38902

    Sonlicromanol hydrochloride

    Synonyms: KH176 hydrochloride

    Sonlicromanol hydrochloride is a ROS-redox modulator designed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. This derivative of Trolox exhibits significant potential in mitigating oxidative stress, making it valuable for the investigation of mitochondrial disorders. Its unique properties facilitate research into therapeutic strategies for various neurodegenerative diseases linked to redox imbalance.

    1 mg
    $75.00
    2 mg
    $115.00
    All 8 sizes
  • BTA-EG4
    Cat. No.
    A39045

    BTA-EG4

    BTA-EG4 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that functions as a catalase-amyloid interaction inhibitor. It has been shown to significantly enhance the neurotoxicity of amyloid peptides in neuronal cells with elevated catalase expression. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on neurodegenerative diseases, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying amyloid-related pathology.

    1 mg
    $155.00
    5 mg
    $360.00
    All 6 sizes
  • Anticancer agent 15
    Cat. No.
    A39083

    Anticancer agent 15

    Anticancer agent 15 functions as a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) inducer, effectively elevating intracellular ROS levels. Its mechanism results in the induction of necroptosis in melanoma cancer cells, contributing to programmed cell death. This compound is valuable for research in cancer biology, particularly in studies focused on ROS-mediated signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies against melanoma.

    25 mg
    $1,275.00
    All 1 sizes
  • ROS-ERS inducer 2
    Cat. No.
    A39150

    ROS-ERS inducer 2

    ROS-ERS Inducer 2 (Complex 3f) functions primarily by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within cells, significantly impacting mitochondrial function. This compound promotes the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), facilitates immunogenic cell death (ICD), and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ROS-ERS Inducer 2 is a valuable tool for research in anti-liver cancer therapies and the exploration of mechanisms underlying cellular stress responses.

    Out of stock

    All 3 sizes
  • ROS inducer 3
    Cat. No.
    A39164

    ROS inducer 3

    ROS Inducer 3 (Compound I6) primarily functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. It demonstrates significant in vitro bioactivity with an EC50 of 2.86 μg/mL, showcasing robust protective effects against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. As a bactericidal agent, ROS Inducer 3 is relevant for studies focused on managing persistent plant bacterial diseases.

    1 mg
    $160.00
    5 mg
    $425.00
    All 5 sizes
  • ROS inducer 2
    Cat. No.
    A39179

    ROS inducer 2

    ROS Inducer 2 (Compound I16) primarily functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, demonstrating significant in vitro bioactivity with an EC50 of 3.43 μg/mL. This compound exhibits potent bactericidal properties against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in vivo, making it a valuable tool for research on persistent bacterial diseases in plants. Its ability to induce ROS provides insights into mechanisms of plant disease resistance and potential therapeutic strategies.

    1 mg
    $235.00
    5 mg
    $590.00
    All 4 sizes
  • Amphimedine
    Cat. No.
    A39207

    Amphimedine

    Amphimedine is a polycyclic alkaloid derived from the marine sponge Amphimedon sp., classified as a pyridoindole alkaloid. This compound functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, exerting cytotoxic effects that lend it potential as an anticancer agent. Research indicates that amphimedine, alongside its analog neoamphimedine, can induce cellular DNA damage via ROS generation, making it a valuable tool for studies in cancer biology and oxidative stress research.

    Out of stock

    All 3 sizes
  • ROS inducer 6
    Cat. No.
    A65468

    ROS inducer 6

    ROS Inducer 6 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that functions as an anticancer agent. It promotes the generation of ROS by depleting intracellular glutathione levels, leading to oxidative stress in cancer cells. This compound is utilized in research to investigate the mechanisms of ROS-mediated cell death and potential therapeutic strategies in oncology.

    5 mg
    $50.00
    10 mg
    $85.00
    All 5 sizes
  • Copper(I) oxide
    Cat. No.
    A65469

    Copper(I) oxide

    Copper(I) oxide is an oxidative stress inducer that exerts cytotoxic effects on cellular viability, particularly in airway epithelial cells. This compound interferes with the enzymatic activities of catalase and glutathione reductase, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species and elevated levels of 8-isoprostane and oxidized glutathione. Copper(I) oxide's cytotoxicity can be mitigated in the presence of Resveratrol, highlighting its potential role in studies of oxidative damage and cellular protection mechanisms.

    1 mg
    $20.00
    100 g
    $25.00
    All 3 sizes
  • Acetoacetic acid lithium
    Cat. No.
    A71187

    Acetoacetic acid lithium

    Acetoacetic acid lithium is an oxidative stress inducer that targets the antioxidant enzyme system and lipid metabolism. It reduces the mRNA expression and activity of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Additionally, it disrupts very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating essential proteins such as apolipoprotein B100, apoE, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. This compound is valuable for studying the mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases.

    5 mg
    $30.00
    10 mg
    $40.00
    All 5 sizes
  • Acetoacetic acid
    Cat. No.
    A71427

    Acetoacetic acid

    Acetoacetic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that primarily targets the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. It decreases the mRNA expression and activity of key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Additionally, it inhibits very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein B100, apolipoprotein E, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. This compound is valuable for researching metabolic disease mechanisms.

    1 mg
    $30.00
    5 mg
    $80.00
    All 6 sizes

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