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CFTR inhibitor
PTC124 also known as Ataluren is CFTR-G542X nonsense allele inhibitor.- Adi Amar-Schwartz, .et al. , Hum Mol Genet, 2023, Jul 20;32(15):2455-2463 PMID: 37145099
- L Kadunc, .et al. , FEBS Lett, 2020, May 13 PMID: 32401336
- Caspi M, .et al. , J Mol Med (Berl), 2016, Apr;94(4):469-82 PMID: 26620677
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TRPC1/4/5 channels inhibitor
Pico145 is a remarkable inhibitor of TRPC1/4/5 channels, inhibits (?)-englerin A-activated TRPC4/TRPC5 channels, with IC50s of 0.349 and 1.3 nM in cells, and shows no effect on TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM2, TRPM8.- Aki Teranishi, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2024, Dec 12;15(1):10476 PMID: 39668169
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myosin II inhibitor
Blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, is photoinactivated by blue light.- Anastasiia Kovaleva, .et al. , Int J Mol Sci, 2025, Aug 9;26(16):7701 PMID: 40869022
- Anastasiia Kovaleva, .et al. , Cell and Developmental Biology, 2024, Dec 25
- Ibutilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for acute cardioconversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter of a recent onset to sinus rhythm. It exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by induction of slow inward sodium current, which prolongs action potential and refractory period (physiology) of myocardial cells.
- Claudia Alvarez Baron, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2025, Aug 16;15(1):29995 PMID: 40819150
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Antimalarial
Quinine is a primary alkaloid of various species of Cinchona, optical isomer of Quinidine and an anti-malarial, skeletal, muscle relaxant.- Claudia Alvarez Baron, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2025, Aug 16;15(1):29995 PMID: 40819150
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CFTR corrector
VX-661 is another cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector in development for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.- Daichi Hinata, .et al. , Int J Mol Sci, 2023, Jan 24;24(3):2305 PMID: 36768629
- Kusumika Saha, .et al. , Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, Sep 27;79(10):530 PMID: 36167862
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CFTR activator
VX-770 (Ivacaftor) is known as a CFTR potentiator.- Daichi Hinata, .et al. , Int J Mol Sci, 2023, Jan 24;24(3):2305 PMID: 36768629
- Okiyoneda T, .et al. , Dev Cell, 2018, Mar 26;44(6):694-708.e7 PMID: 29503157
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MCT Inhibitor?€?
7ACC1 selectively interfere with lactate fluxes in the lactate-rich tumor microenvironment; inhibits lactate influx but not efflux in tumor cells expressing MCT1 and MCT4 transporters.- Daniel Gundel, .et al. , Int J Mol Sci, 2021, Feb; 22(4): 1645 PMID: 33562048
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a-K-ATPase inhibitor
Ouabain is a selective Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitor.- Daniel J Pfau, .et al. , Autophagy Rep, 2025, 4(1):2473765 PMID: 40265045
- Paul Mark Medina, .et al. , Transl Oncol, 2021, Jan;14(1):100940 PMID: 33221682
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CFTR modulator
VX-809 is the second investigational oral candidate compound for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF).- Danny D Dinh, .et al. , EBioMedicine, 2024, Apr:102:105058 PMID: 38490104
- Daichi Hinata, .et al. , Int J Mol Sci, 2023, Jan 24;24(3):2305 PMID: 36768629
- Kusumika Saha, .et al. , Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, Sep 27;79(10):530 PMID: 36167862
- Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths, .et al. , Elife, 2020, Mar 2;9:e54556 PMID: 32118580
- Okiyoneda T, .et al. , Dev Cell, 2018, Mar 26;44(6):694-708.e7 PMID: 29503157
- Junko Kido, .et al. , Infect Immun, 2017, Oct; 85(10): e00311-17 PMID: 28784926
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CFTR inhibitor
CFTRinh-172 is a voltage-independent, selective CFTR inhibitor- Dao-Lai Zhang, .et al. , eLife, 2018, 7: e33432 PMID: 29393851
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CFTR inhibitor
CFTR inhibitor II, also known as GlyH-101, is a glycine hydrazide that selectively and reversibly blocks the CFTR channel (Ki = 4.3 uM).- Dao-Lai Zhang, .et al. , eLife, 2018, 7: e33432 PMID: 29393851
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calcium channel blocker
Isradipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class.- Deborah A. Goldspink, .et al. , Mol Metab, 2018, Jan; 7: 90-101 PMID: 29167062
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Ferroptosis inhibitor
RSL3 is a ferroptosis activator in a VDAC-independent manner,exhibiting selectivity for tumor cells bearing oncogenic RAS.- Duo Shi, .et al. , Antioxid Redox Signal, 2025, Sep 30 PMID: 41027674
- Cheng Chen, .et al. , Neurochem Res, 2025, Mar 18;50(2):122 PMID: 40100474
- Xiaona Cao, .et al. , J Nanobiotechnology, 2025, Feb 24;23(1):136 PMID: 39994619
- Naoya Yamada, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2024, 15:2195 PMID: 38472233
- Ning Li, .et al. , J Ovarian Res, 2024, Feb 23;17(1):49 PMID: 38396022
- Yuki Kojima, .et al. , Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023, Nov 10
- Qingyu Zhang, .et al. , Cell Death Discov, 2023, Mar 8;9(1):83 PMID: 36882396
- Sampilvanjil A, .et al. , Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2020, Mar 1;318(3):H508-H518 PMID: 31975626
- Fujiki K, .et al. , Cell Death Differ, 2019, Feb 25 PMID: 30804470
- Samantha W. Alvarez, .et al. , Nature, 2017, Nov 30; 551(7682): 639-643 PMID: 29168506
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sodium-potassium pump inhibitor
Digoxin is a sodium-potassium pump inhibitor.- Ella Martin, .et al. , ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci, 2025, May 12;8(9):2996-3006 PMID: 40969890
- Reiko Watanabe, .et al. , J Med Chem, 2021, Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738 PMID: 33619967
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Sodium Channel inhibitor
AmbroxolHCl is a potent inhibitor of the neuronal Na+ channels, inhibits TTX-resistant Na+ currents with IC50 of 35.2 uM and 22.5 μM for tonic and phasic block, inhibits TTX-sensitive Na+ currents with IC50 of 100 μM. Phase 3.- Giovanni Bocci, .et al. , ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci, 2020, Oct 14 PMID: 33330842
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AMPA Receptor Antagonist
NBQX is a potent, selective and competitive AMPA receptor antagonist.- Huang Li, .et al. , Physiol Behav, 2024, Apr 1:277:114461 PMID: 38215863
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Myosin activator
CK-1827452 is a selective cardiac specific myosin activator.- Isabella Leite Coscarella, .et al. , iScience, 2025, Oct 30;28(12):113901 PMID: 41321620
- Joohee Choi, .et al. , Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2025, Jan 1;328(1):H161-H173 PMID: 39453428
- A. Balakin, .et al. , J Evol Biochem Physiol, 2023, 59: 1182-1194
- Oleg Lookin, .et al. , Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2021, Aug 29 PMID: 34459025
- Gabor A. Fulop, .et al. , Basic Res Cardiol, 2021, 116(1): 24 PMID: 33844095
- Wanjian Tang, .et al. , J Biol Chem, 2019, October 2 PMID: 31578282
- Thinh T. Kieu, .et al. , Biophysical Journal, 2019, 2019 PMID: 31103235
- Alexandre J. S. Ribeiro, .et al. , Circ Res, 2017, May 12; 120(10): 1572-1583 PMID: 28400398
- Anja M. Swenson, .et al. , J Biol Chem, 2017, Mar 3; 292(9): 3768-3778 PMID: 28082673
- Nánási P Jr, .et al. , Eur J Pharmacol, 2017, Aug 15;809:73-79 PMID: 28506910
- Horváth B, .et al. , Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2017, Dec;390(12):1239-1246 PMID: 28940010
- Szentandrassy N, .et al. , J Physiol Pharmacol, 2016, Aug;67(4):483-489 PMID: 27779469
- L Nagy, .et al. , Br J Pharmacol, 2015, Sep; 172(18): 4506-4518 PMID: 26140433
- Larissa Butler, .et al. , Toxicol Sci, 2015, Jun;145(2):396-406 PMID: 25820236
- Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia.
- Jingyeong Shin, .et al. , Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, December
- Takashi Azuma, .et al. , SEP PURIF TECHNOL, 2019, Apr; 212: 483-489
- Azuma T, .et al. , Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017, Aug;24(23):19021-19030 PMID: 28660504
- Azuma T, .et al. , Sci Total Environ, 2016, Apr 1;548-549:189-197 PMID: 26802347
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Ion channel blocker
Vernakalant Hcl is an investigational mixed ion channel blocker that can terminate acute atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans at 2 to 5 mg/kg and may be more atrial-selective than available agents; in treatment of antiarrhythmic.- Joe Z.Zhang, .et al. , Cell Stem Cell, 2019, 24, 1-10 PMID: 30880024
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LAT-1 inhibitor
JPH203 is a potent and selective L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) inhibitor.- Kaito Yamashiro, .et al. , J Toxicol Sci, 2026, 51(2):141-147 PMID: 41621859
- Ciclopirox is currently being investigated as an alternative treatment to ketoconazole for seborrhoeic dermatitis as it suppresses growth of the yeast Malassezia furfur.It acts by inhibiting the membrane transfer system by interrupting the Na+ K+ ATPase.
- Katsuhisa Morita, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2020, 10: 13139 PMID: 32753643
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TRPC3 inhibitor
Pyr10is a novel TRPC3-selective inhibitor, IC50 of Ca2+ influx inhibition by Pyr10 in carbachol-stimulated YFP-TRPC3-transfected HEK293 cells for ROCE and thapsigargin-depleted native RBL-2H3 cells for SOCE is 0.72 uM and 13.08 uM.- Keisuke Obara, .et al. , Biol Pharm Bull, 2025, 48(9):1444-1455 PMID: 41033978
- Keisuke Obara, .et al. , Biol Pharm Bull, 2025, 48(6):932-940 PMID: 40582844
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Kir7.1 potassium channels blocker
ML418 is a selective, sub-micromolar pore blocker of Kir7.1 potassium channels. The inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel Kir7.1 (KCNJ13) is a key regulator of melanocortin signaling in the brain, electrolyte homeostasis in the eye, and uterine muscle contractility during pregnancy.- Keisuke Obara, .et al. , Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2026, 160: 41-50
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TRPA1 channel blocker
A 967079 is a selective TRPA1 channel blocker (IC50 values are 67 and 289 nM at human and rat TRPA1 receptors respectively).- L Jin, Z Xie, .et al. , Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2023, Dec 1;325(6):H1446-H1460 PMID: 37889254
- L Jin, .et al. , Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2021, Jul 13;426:115647 PMID: 34271065
- L. Jin, .et al. , Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2020, 398(1), PMID: 32320793
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P-gp modulator
LY335979 (Zosuquidar trihydrochloride) is a potent highly selective P-gp inhibitor.- Leo Shen, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2021, Sep 16;11(1):18516 PMID: 34531456
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P-gp & BCRP inhibitor
Elacridaris a prototypical BCRP inhibitor which inhibits the Bcrp1-mediated transport.- Leo Shen, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2021, Sep 16;11(1):18516 PMID: 34531456
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MCT1 inhibitor
AZD3965 is a selective inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) with a binding affinity of 1.6 nM, is 6 fold selective over MCT2 and does not inhibit MCT4 at 10 μM.- Lu Gao, .et al. , Int J Biol Sci, 2022, Jan 1;18(2):599-616 PMID: 35002512
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VDAC inhibitor
Erastin is a cell-permeable piperazinyl-quinazolinone compound that exhibits oncogene-selective lethality in cells with H-Ras mutations.- Mao Yang, .et al. , Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2025, Sep 5:784:152599 PMID: 40972362
- Xuejie Huan, .et al. , Neurosci Bull, 2024, Dec 12 PMID: 39666195
- Filiz Bakar-Ates, .et al. , Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2024, Oct 11 PMID: 39392483
- Filiz Bakar-Ates, .et al. , Toxicol In Vitro, 2024, Feb:94:105732 PMID: 37956772
- Sureya Nijiati, .et al. , Mol Pharm, 2023, Oct 2;20(10):5185-5194 PMID: 37711135
- Erva Ozkan, .et al. , Life Sci, 2023, Jan 1;312:121222 PMID: 36442526
- Yuki Shibata, .et al. , Biochem Biophys Rep, 2021, Feb 24;26 PMID: 33681481
- Shibata Y, .et al. , PLoS One, 2019, Dec 4;14(12):e0225931 PMID: 31800616
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Selective calcium chelator
BAPTA/AM, an intracellular calcium chelator, induces delayed necrosis by lipoxygenase-mediated free radicals in mouse cortical cultures.- Maohuan Ran, .et al. , Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2026, May:316:120163 PMID: 42013791
- Jian Sun, .et al. , Nanoscale, 2024, Dec 17 PMID: 39688368
- Jiunn-Chang Lin, .et al. , Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2023, Jul 15;471:116568 PMID: 37245555
- Liying Wu, .et al. , Phytother Res, 2022, Feb;36(2):938-950 PMID: 35076979
- Shichen Xu, .et al. , Cell Signal, 2020, Aug 6;75:109733 PMID: 32771398
- Miho Akimoto, .et al. , Cell Death Dis, 2018, Aug; 9(8): 804 PMID: 30038429
- Zhang L, .et al. , Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, Jun;97(24):e11095 PMID: 29901626
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P-gp inhibitor
Tariquidar (XR9576) is a P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump inhibitor.- Maria Joao Moreno, .et al. , Pharmaceutics, 2023, Jan 3;15(1):174 PMID: 36678803
- Yuko Sasaki, .et al. , Biol Pharm Bull, 2022, 45(9):1246-1253 PMID: 36047192
- Sugisawa N, .et al. , Mol Pharm, 2018, Sep 4;15(9):4021-4030 PMID: 30052463
- Samy A. F. Morad, .et al. , Biochem Pharmacol, 2017, Apr 15; 130: 21-33 PMID: 28189725
- Debora Petroni, .et al. , Mol Imaging Biol, 2016, Dec;18(6):916-923 PMID: 27234445
- Ampalex is an ampakine and nootropic that acts as an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator
- Mariusz Papp, .et al. , J Psychopharmacol, 2020, Dec;34(12):1418-1430 PMID: 33200659
- Abigail Benn, .et al. , J Neurosci, 2016, May 4; 36(18):4930-4939 PMID: 27147648
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MCT1 and MCT2 inhibitor
AR-C155858 is a potent inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT2 that binds to an intracellular site involving transmembrane helices 7-10.- Min Chang Choi, .et al. , Arch Pharm Res, 2023, Dec;46(11-12):907-923 PMID: 38048029
- Charlotte Petersen, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 13101 PMID: 29026134
- Kong SC, .et al. , Pancreas, 2016, Aug;45(7):1036-47 PMID: 26765963
- Anne Poder, .et al. , Mol Cancer, 2016, 15: 45 PMID: 27266704
- Eumorphia G. Konstantakou, .et al. , Mol Cancer, 2015, 14: 135 PMID: 26198749
- Álvarez Z, .et al. , Biomaterials., 2014, 35(17):4769-81 PMID: 24636215
- Álvarez Z, .et al. , Cereb Cortex., 2014, 26(3):1046-58 PMID: 25452568
- Manidipine 2HCl is a HCl salt form of Manidipine which is a calcium channel blocker for Ca2+ current with IC50 of 2.6 nM.
- Noriaki Ikemura,, .et al. , Chem -Biol Interact, 2019, 306:1-9 PMID: 30965050
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ATPase inhibitor
Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells.- Ravindra Pramod Deshpande, .et al. , EMBO Mol Med, 2025, Apr;17(4):797-822 PMID: 40087501
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Sodium channel blocker
Disopyramide is an antiarrhythmic (class IA) and a sodium channel blocker.- Reiko Watanabe, .et al. , J Med Chem, 2021, Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738 PMID: 33619967
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Kv1.3 blocker
PAP-1 is a selective inhibitor of Kv1.3, voltage-gated potassium channel. PAP-1 (EC50=2 nM) potently inhibits human T effector memory cell proliferation and delayed hypersensitivity.- Samuel Drinkall, .et al. , Glia, 2022, Jul;70(7):1301-1316 PMID: 35353387
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Potassium Channel Blocker
TRAM-34 is a highly selective blocker of intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa3.1) (Kd = 20 nM). Exhibits 200-1500-fold selectivity over KV, BKCa, KCa2, Na+, CRAC and Cl- channels. Suppresses the reactivation of lymphocytes by mitogenic stimuli.- Samuel Drinkall, .et al. , Glia, 2022, Jul;70(7):1301-1316 PMID: 35353387
- Cheong Hoon Seo, .et al. , Transl Res, 2021, Apr 24 PMID: 33905948
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Calcium Channel inhibitor
Nimodipine is a L-type Ca2+ channel blocker.- Shiqian Han, .et al. , iScience, 2023, Apr 8;26(5):106613 PMID: 37128603
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MSCs Inhibitor
GsMTX4 is a 34 amino acid peptidyl toxin isolated from the Grammostola rosea (Chilean rose) tarantula venom and belongs to the huwentoxin-1 family.- Shota Inoue, .et al. , Bone, 2023, Dec:177:116916 PMID: 37777037
- Jean-Baptiste Cavin, .et al. , J Physiol, 2023, Apr;601(7):1183-1206 PMID: 36752210
- Yong Chen, .et al. , Gastroenterology, 2021, Apr 2 PMID: 33819485
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MDR1/P-gp Inhibitor
PSC-833 is a kind of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) modulator that inhibits P-gp-mediated multidrug-resistance (MDR).- Somin Lee, .et al. , Methods Mol Biol, 2022, 2492:251-263 PMID: 35733049
- Somin Lee, .et al. , Biotechnol Bioeng, 2019, 10 November
- Somin Lee, .et al. , bioRxiv, 2018, Nov. 18 PMID: 31709508
- Watanabe N, .et al. , Biopharm Drug Dispos, 2018, Jan;39(1):30-37 PMID: 29055041
- Higashi H, .et al. , Biol Pharm Bull, 2017, 40(8):1314-1319 PMID: 28769012
- Phloretin inhibits the active transport of glucose into cells by SGLT1 and SGLT2, though the inhibition is weaker than by its glycoside phlorizin.
- Subramaniam M, .et al. , Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2019, Nov 20 PMID: 31746628
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SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor
Phlorizin is a competitive inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2; this reduces renal glucose transport, lowering the amount of glucose in the blood.- Subramaniam M, .et al. , Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2019, Nov 20 PMID: 31746628
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ATPase inhibitor
Oligomycin A is a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Oligomycin A inhibits ATP5 (mitochondrial ATPases, F1F0) bound to the cell membrane.- Suzanna H Harrison, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2025, Nov 25;16(1):11018 PMID: 41290674
- Makoto Kawatani, .et al. , ACS Chem Biol, 2021, 16, 8, 1576-1586 PMID: 34296611
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NHE3 inhibitor
Tenapanor acts as an inhibitor of the sodium-proton exchanger NHE3. This antiporter protein is found in the kidney and intestines, and normally acts to regulate the levels of sodium absorbed and secreted by the body.- Takuto Fujii, .et al. , Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2026, 330: C1605-C1615 PMID: 41962948
- Ju Wang, .et al. , Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2025, Jul 1;329(1):C50-C67 PMID: 40434024
- Mahdi Amiri, .et al. , Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2024, Mar 1;326(3):C829-C842 PMID: 38223928
- Kuniko Hunter, .et al. , Tissue Eng Part A, 2022, Nov 18 PMID: 36274231
- Xingjie Tan, .et al. , Authorea, 2022, May 25
- Kunyan Zhou, .et al. , Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2021, Sep 1;321(3):C471-C488 PMID: 34288721
- Qinghai Tan, .et al. , Br J Pharmacol, 2021, Mar;178(5):1018-1036 PMID: 33179259
- Y Liu, .et al. , Biochem Pharmacol, 2020, May 16;178:114040 PMID: 32422138
- Yu Y, .et al. , Cell Physiol Biochem, 2019, 52(5):1017-1038 PMID: 30977986
- Thammayon N, .et al. , Amino Acids, 2017, Apr;49(4):725-734 PMID: 27981415
- Charoenphandhu N, .et al. , Mol Cell Biochem, 2017, Mar;427(1-2):201-208 PMID: 27995414
- Jantarajit W, .et al. , Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2017, Jul 1;313(1):C118-C129 PMID: 28490422
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TRPV1 antagonist
AMG 517 is a potent and selective TRPV1 antagonist.- Thieu X Phan, .et al. , J Physiol, 2022, Apr;600(7):1651-1666 PMID: 35020949
- Jun Hai, .et al. , Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2020, Jul 7;1-7 PMID: 32633621
- Hai J, .et al. , Biomed Res, 2018, 39(6):279-286 PMID: 30531157
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MCT inhibitor
CHC is a monocarboxylic acid transport (MCT) inhibitor. Exhibits antitumoral and antiangiogenic activity in gliomas; decreases glycolytic metabolism, migration, and invasion in U251 cells.- Tian Peng, .et al. , World J Gastroenterol, 2024, May 21;30(19):2575-2602 PMID: 38817665
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SGLT2 inhibitor
Dapagliflozin inhibits subtype 2 of the sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT2), which is responsible for at least 90% of the glucose reabsorption in the kidney.- Tingting Ding, .et al. , J Diabetes Complications, 2024, Dec 9;39(2):108930 PMID: 39673870
- David Papadopoli, .et al. , Neoplasia, 2021, Apr;23(4):391-399 PMID: 33784591
- Neil Tanday, .et al. , Biochem Pharmacol, 2020, Jul;177:114009 PMID: 32360307
- Subramaniam M, .et al. , Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2019, Nov 20 PMID: 31746628
- Marina Subramaniam, .et al. , Physiol Rep, 2019, May; 7(9): e14090 PMID: 31062524
- Angelopoulou A, .et al. , AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018, Feb;19(2):621-633 PMID: 8924948
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HIF-1α inhibitor
Minocycline hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, acting by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting protein synthesis.- Viktoria Lazar, .et al. , Nature, 2022, 610: 540-546 PMID: 36198788

