Calmodulin

Calmodulin antagonists and inhibitors bind calmodulin, the main calcium sensor inside eukaryotic cells. Calmodulin is a small protein with four helix-loop-helix calcium-binding motifs that binds calcium ions and then regulates kinases, phosphatases, ion channels and phosphodiesterases. Its 1985 crystal structure showed two globular lobes joined by a long central helix. Naphthalenesulfonamides were among the first synthetic antagonists, and a 1981 study reported that W-7 inhibits cell proliferation. W-5 hydrochloride, an analog without the chlorine atom, binds calmodulin more weakly and often serves as a control. Fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane hydrochloride is a phenothiazine-derived antagonist, and DY-9760e is a further calmodulin inhibitor. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases are listed in the neighboring CaMK category.

12 Items

  • W-7 hydrochloride
    Cat. No.
    A30028

    W-7 hydrochloride

    W-7 hydrochloride is a selective calmodulin antagonist that functions by inhibiting calcium-calmodulin-dependent pathways. It effectively inhibits phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase, demonstrating IC50 values of 28 μM and 51 μM, respectively. Additionally, W-7 hydrochloride induces apoptosis and exhibits antitumor and vascular relaxing properties. Furthermore, it acts as a blocker of Kv4.3, making it a valuable tool for research into arrhythmias and related cardiovascular studies.

    5 mg
    $20.00
    10 mg
    $25.00
    All 5 sizes
  • W-7
    Cat. No.
    A31738

    W-7

    W-7 is a selective calmodulin antagonist that disrupts the functioning of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent enzymes, specifically phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase, with IC50 values of 28 μM and 51 μM, respectively. This compound is known to induce apoptosis and exhibits antitumor and vasodilatory effects. Additionally, W-7 acts as a blocker of Kv4.3, making it a valuable tool for investigating arrhythmias and related cardiovascular research applications.

    1 mg
    $50.00
    25 mg
    $1,275.00
    All 2 sizes
  • W-5 hydrochloride
    Cat. No.
    A66427

    W-5 hydrochloride

    W-5 hydrochloride is a calmodulin antagonist that inhibits phosphodiesterase activation, exhibiting an IC50 value of 240 µM. This compound is commonly utilized in research to study calmodulin-related signaling pathways and serves as a negative control for comparative studies involving W-7. Its ability to interfere with calmodulin activity makes W-5 hydrochloride a valuable tool in biochemical and pharmacological investigations.

    5 mg
    $35.00
    10 mg
    $50.00
    All 6 sizes
  • Fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane hydrochloride
    Cat. No.
    A66431

    Fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane hydrochloride

    Synonyms: SKF-7171A hydrochloride

    Fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane hydrochloride acts as a potent irreversible calmodulin antagonist. This compound interferes with calmodulin's ability to interact with various target proteins, thereby modulating calcium-dependent cellular processes. Fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane hydrochloride is utilized in research investigating the role of calmodulin in signaling pathways and various physiological functions. It serves as a valuable tool in studies related to calcium signaling and its implications in disease mechanisms.

    1 mg
    $20.00
    5 mg
    $40.00
    All 6 sizes
  • A-7 hydrochloride
    Cat. No.
    A66433

    A-7 hydrochloride

    Synonyms: Ophobolin A

    A-7 hydrochloride is a calmodulin antagonist that effectively inhibits calmodulin-mediated signaling pathways. This compound has been implicated in various studies focusing on cancer research, providing insight into the role of calmodulin in tumor biology and therapeutic interventions. Its specificity and action make it a valuable tool for investigating calmodulin-related cellular processes and developing potential cancer treatments.

    2 mg
    $30.00
    5 mg
    $45.00
    All 4 sizes
  • CALP2
    Cat. No.
    A66437

    CALP2

    CALP2 is a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist characterized by a Kd of 7.9 µM, demonstrating strong binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site. This compound effectively inhibits CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity, leading to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. CALP2 is known to significantly suppress cell adhesion and degranulation processes, while also serving as a potent activator of alveolar macrophages, making it valuable for research in cellular signaling and immune response.

    1 mg
    $125.00
    All 1 sizes
  • RU 45144
    Cat. No.
    A66440

    RU 45144

    RU 45144 is a calmodulin antagonist that inhibits the binding of estrogen receptors to calmodulin. This compound exhibits anti-estrogen activity comparable to that of tamoxifen, potentially influencing its mechanism of action through specific structural side chains. RU 45144 may also be involved in anti-proliferative effects linked to its steroid skeleton. This reagent is useful for exploring estrogen receptor signaling and related pathways in cancer research and hormonal studies.

    25 mg
    $1,405.00
    50 mg
    $1,790.00
    All 3 sizes
  • Cloxacepride
    Cat. No.
    A66442

    Cloxacepride

    Cloxacepride is a potent calmodulin (CaM) antagonist that exhibits significant antiallergic properties. It demonstrates efficacy in reducing passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), making it a valuable tool for studying allergic responses and related signaling pathways. This compound is suitable for research applications focused on calcium-dependent processes and the modulation of immune responses.

    1 mg
    $40.00
    5 mg
    $90.00
    All 5 sizes
  • E6 Berbamine
    Cat. No.
    A66445

    E6 Berbamine

    Synonyms: Berbamine p-nitrobenzoate

    E6 Berbamine is a potent calmodulin (CaM) antagonist that effectively inhibits calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) with a Ki of 0.95 μM. This compound exhibits significant anti-leukemia activity, demonstrating an IC50 value of 2.13 μM in K562 cells. E6 Berbamine serves as a valuable tool in cancer research and studies targeting CaM signaling pathways.

    5 mg
    $85.00
    10 mg
    $135.00
    All 5 sizes
  • Fasciculic acid B
    Cat. No.
    A66446

    Fasciculic acid B

    Fasciculic acid B is a steroid that acts as a calmodulin antagonist, disrupting the calcium-dependent signaling pathways regulated by calmodulin. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable for investigations into inflammation-related molecular mechanisms. Its unique biological activity positions it as a useful reagent in various research applications related to the modulation of calcium signaling and inflammatory processes.

    Out of stock

    All 3 sizes
  • Elziverine
    Cat. No.
    A66448

    Elziverine

    Synonyms: Ro 22-4839

    Elziverine is a calmodulin antagonist known for its ability to improve brain circulation and exert antispasmodic effects on vasospasm. It effectively inhibits erythrocyte cell membrane rupture, platelet aggregation, and lipid peroxidation. This compound is valuable in research focused on vascular disorders, cerebrovascular conditions, and the modulation of calcium-dependent signaling pathways.

    1 mg
    $95.00
    5 mg
    $235.00
    All 7 sizes
  • Prenylamine lactate
    Cat. No.
    B21471

    Prenylamine lactate

    Prenylamine lactate is a calcium-modulating protein (CaM) antagonist that effectively inhibits CaM-dependent enzymes, demonstrating the ability to induce relaxation in smooth muscle preparations. Notably, the action of Prenylamine lactate on smooth muscle is not counteracted by the calcium agonist Bay K 8644. Additionally, under conditions of lower heart rates, Prenylamine lactate has been reported to enhance voltage-dependent transmembrane calcium currents, making it a valuable tool for studying calcium signaling pathways and smooth muscle physiology.

    25 mg
    $1,275.00
    50 mg
    $1,625.00
    All 3 sizes

12 Items

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