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Bcr-Abl inhibitors target the constitutively active fusion tyrosine kinase encoded by the Philadelphia chromosome. The translocation joins the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene to the Abelson tyrosine kinase gene (ABL1) on chromosome 22. Expression of the P210 form of Bcr-Abl in mouse bone marrow cells induced a disease resembling chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in 1990. In 1996 imatinib (CGP 57148), listed here as the base and as imatinib mesylate, was reported to inhibit Abl and Bcr-Abl-positive cell growth. Dasatinib, described in 2004, also inhibits Src family kinases and blocks many imatinib-resistant Abl mutants. Nilotinib and bafetinib are further Abl inhibitors, and ponatinib also inhibits the T315I gatekeeper mutant.