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Co-stimulatory receptor antibodies activate T cells or antigen-presenting cells through OX40, 4-1BB, CD40 and CD27. Most of these receptors belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and signal after clustering, so antibody format and Fc receptor binding shape activity. Urelumab and utomilumab are agonists of 4-1BB (CD137), and varlilumab targets CD27 on lymphocytes. Selicrelumab activates CD40 on dendritic cells and B cells, supporting antigen presentation in immune-priming models. Antibodies to glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR), inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) and CD28 complete the group.
Atenastobart is a human monoclonal antibody of the IgG1λ2 subtype that specifically targets TNFRSF9. For experimental control purposes, it is recommended to use Human IgG1 lambda2 as an isotype control.
Ragistomig is a monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 isotype, specifically targeting TNFRSF9/CD274. It is composed of two identical IgG1 heavy chains and a κ light chain paired with a variable region that includes a λ light chain. The antibody is structured as a dimer, ensuring stable binding and specificity to its antigen. This configuration makes Ragistomig suitable for research applications focused on the modulation and study of immune checkpoint pathways.
Synonyms: Humanized Anti-CD28 Recombinant Antibody
Lulizumab is a humanized recombinant antibody that acts as an antagonist to the CD28 domain. This antibody selectively targets the CD28 signal, effectively inhibiting T-cell activation. In research studies, specifically using a sensitized non-human primate kidney transplantation model, Lulizumab has demonstrated the ability to modulate immune cell responses. When used in combination with Carfilzomib, it has shown potential in prolonging graft survival times, indicating its utility in transplant immunology and immune regulation studies.
Synonyms: Anti-ICOS/CD278 Reference Antibody (feladilimab; GSK3359609
Feladilimab (GSK3359609) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that functions as an agonist targeting ICOS (CD278). This antibody selectively binds to ICOS-expressing T cells, a critical interaction in the modulation of immune responses. Due to its mechanism of action, Feladilimab is primarily investigated for its potential applications in cancer research, where it may influence T cell activity and tumor immune evasion.
Synonyms: Pogalizumab; MOXR 0916
Vonlerolizumab (MOXR 0916) is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that functions as an agonist targeting the OX40 receptor. This antibody is specifically designed for the study of cancer immunotherapy, facilitating research into the modulation of T-cell activity and the enhancement of anti-tumor immune responses.
Synonyms: AMG 451; KHK4083
Rocatinlimab (AMG 451, KHK4083) is a fully human, non-fucosylated IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting OX40. This antibody is designed for the investigation of therapeutic pathways in atopic dermatitis (AD) and may be utilized in related immunological research studies.
The Anti-TNFRSF7/CD27 Antibody is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. It specifically targets TNFRSF7/CD27, a critical receptor involved in the regulation of T and B cell function. This antibody is composed of a human IgG2 heavy chain and a human kappa light chain, exhibiting a molecular weight of approximately 145 kDa. For isotype control purposes, Human IgG2 kappa, Isotype Control is recommended. This product is essential for research focusing on immune response modulation and the study of diseases characterized by altered TNFRSF7/CD27 activity.
Synonyms: HCD122
Lucatumumab (HCD122) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that functions as an antagonist to CD40, effectively blocking CD40/CD40L-mediated signaling pathways. This antibody is proficient in mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), facilitating the clearance of tumor cells. It is primarily utilized in research focused on refractory lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma, offering significant insights into therapeutic strategies for these malignancies.
Synonyms: AMG 557
Prezalumab (AMG 557) is a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets ICOS ligand (ICOSL), demonstrating synergistic anti-inflammatory effects when used in conjunction with CD28 antibody inhibitors. This antibody is designed for the precise modulation of immune responses, making it a valuable tool for research in immune regulation and potential therapeutic interventions in inflammatory disorders.
Synonyms: ES-101; INBRX-105
Enristomig is a monoclonal antibody that targets TNFRSF9 and CD274, designed for precision in immunotherapy research. This antibody binds specifically to TNFRSF9, also known as CD137, and CD274, known as PD-L1, playing a crucial role in modulating immune responses. It is utilized extensively in studies focusing on cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases, and immune checkpoint regulation.
Urelumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that functions as a CD137 agonist without binding to its natural ligand. This antibody is designed to potentiate the antitumor activities of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Additionally, Urelumab has been shown to potentially enhance the cytotoxic effects of Rituximab. It is primarily utilized in research focused on various non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. This makes Urelumab a valuable tool in the study of immune-mediated cancer therapies.
MEDI-570 is a humanized monoclonal antibody produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, specifically targeting ICOS/CD278. This antibody is comprised of a human IgG1 heavy chain and a human kappa light chain, with an estimated molecular weight of 145 kDa. For experimental control purposes, Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control is recommended.
Cenzestotug is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 4 (TNFRSF4). By binding to TNFRSF4, Cenzestotug activates key immune cells, demonstrating potent immunostimulatory and antitumor properties. This antibody holds significant potential for research in cancer immunotherapy, providing a valuable tool for investigating the modulation of immune responses in oncological studies.
Synonyms: IBI101
Cudarolimab (IBI101) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets OX40 (CD134), a costimulatory molecule predominantly expressed on activated immune cells. By inhibiting the interaction between OX40 and its ligand OX40L, Cudarolimab effectively modulates immune responses. This antibody demonstrates significant antitumor activity, making it particularly useful in cancer research studies.
Pegrizeprument is a chimeric antibody of the Fab'-G1 -κ type, specifically targeting the CD28 receptor. This antibody is designed for high specificity and affinity in binding to the CD28 molecule, a critical co-stimulatory receptor involved in T-cell activation and survival. Pegrizeprument's unique structure and targeting capability make it an essential tool for research in immunology, particularly in studies related to T-cell function and immune response regulation.
Synonyms: BNT-313
GEN-1053 (BNT-313) is a fully human monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 subclass, specifically targeting CD27. Upon binding to its antigen, GEN-1053 facilitates the formation of a hexameric structure. For experimental control purposes, Human IgG1 lambda1 serves as the appropriate isotype control for GEN-1053. This antibody is crucial for studies focusing on the modulation of the CD27 signaling pathway, which is significant in immune regulation and has implications in therapeutic interventions for immune disorders and cancers.
Inezetamab is a bispecific IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets both CD40 and mesothelin (MSLN). This dual specificity enables it to engage multiple pathways involved in immune modulation and tumor cell targeting, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer immunotherapy and related fields.
Synonyms: GBR-830
Telazorlimab (GBR-830) is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed to target the OX40 costimulatory receptor, which is expressed on activated T cells. This antibody is utilized primarily in the study of autoimmune diseases, offering a valuable tool for researchers exploring the modulation of T cell responses in various immunological conditions.
Sotigalimab is a CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody designed to selectively bind to CD40 with high affinity. This interaction promotes the activation of antigen-presenting cells, which in turn enhances cancer-specific T cell responses. Primarily utilized in research focused on metastatic pancreatic cancer and metastatic melanoma, Sotigalimab serves as a critical tool in the investigation of immune-mediated therapies targeting these aggressive cancers.
Synonyms: INCAGN-1876
Ragifilimab (INCAGN-1876) is an agonistic monoclonal antibody designed to specifically target the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). This antibody has been developed for use in research involving advanced or metastatic solid tumors, exploring its potential to modulate immune responses and enhance anti-tumor activity. Ragifilimab provides a valuable tool for investigating the therapeutic implications of GITR activation in oncological studies.
GSK-3174998 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that functions as an agonist to OX40 (TNFRSF4), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. This antibody is designed to selectively bind to OX40, enhancing the immune response against cancer cells. It holds significant potential for research into the treatment of advanced solid tumors. For experimental control purposes, Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control is recommended.
Synonyms: ASKP 1240
Bleselumab (ASKP 1240) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD40 with a high affinity of approximately 0.24 nM. By selectively binding to CD40, Bleselumab effectively blocks the interaction between CD40 and its ligand CD40L, a crucial pathway in immune response modulation. This inhibition is particularly relevant in preventing organ transplant rejection, making Bleselumab a significant tool in transplant immunology research.
Synonyms: ABBV-323
Ravagalimab (ABBV-323) functions as a potent CD40 antagonist with an EC50 value of 3.7 nM. This monoclonal antibody is primarily utilized in the research of Crohn's disease, offering a valuable tool for investigating the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic interventions targeting the CD40 pathway in this condition.
Synonyms: CDX-1127
Varlilumab (CDX-1127) represents a pioneering human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting CD27. This therapeutic antibody exhibits potent anti-tumor activity, leveraging immune activation to selectively enhance the body's natural anti-cancer responses. Varlilumab is designed for specificity in binding to CD27, a critical molecule in the regulation of T-cell function and survival, making it a valuable tool in oncology research and therapeutic applications.
