Acyl-CoA & Cofactors

Cat. No.

A17905

CAS No.

69056-38-8

Sapropterin dihydrochloride

Synonyms: (6R)-BH4 dihydrochloride; (6R)-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin dihydrochloride

Sapropterin dihydrochloride, a cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), is an orally active compound that plays a crucial role in reducing blood concentrations of phenylalanine. It is primarily utilized in the study of phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder characterized by elevated levels of phenylalanine. Additionally, research has indicated that sapropterin dihydrochloride may exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), providing further insight into its biological mechanisms.

Cat. No.

A18210

CAS No.

59461-30-2

Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride

Synonyms: Vitamin B12a monohydrochloride

Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride is a naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 that acts as a key cofactor in various enzymatic reactions. It is primarily utilized in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency, including pernicious anemia, due to its favorable safety profile. This injectable form of vitamin B12 facilitates effective supplementation for enhancing hematopoiesis and neurological function in deficient patients.

Cat. No.

A26745

CAS No.

2646-71-1

NADPH tetrasodium salt

NADPH tetrasodium salt is a crucial cofactor involved in various metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. It serves as an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis and is essential for the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids, and biopolymers. Additionally, NADPH tetrasodium salt plays a significant role in lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication, making it valuable for research applications in metabolism and cellular biology.

Cat. No.

A27065

CAS No.

100929-71-3

NADPH tetracyclohexanamine

NADPH tetracyclohexanamine serves as a critical cofactor in numerous metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. This compound acts as an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis, contributing to cell survival under oxidative stress. It is essential for the biosynthesis of various agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids, and biopolymers, while also playing a significant role in lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cellular replication.

Cat. No.

A28049

CAS No.

52301-43-6

6‑Hydroxy‑FAD

6-Hydroxy-FAD serves as a primary cofactor for cellobiose dehydrogenases derived from H. insolens. This compound demonstrates reduced catalytic activity compared to the standard FAD-reconstituted enzymes. Its role is crucial in studying enzyme mechanisms and the biochemical pathways involving cellobiose metabolism. Researchers utilize 6-hydroxy-FAD to investigate enzymatic function and cofactor dynamics in various bioenergy and microbial research applications.

Cat. No.

A28975

CAS No.

146385-37-7

Biotin-NAD+

Biotin-NAD+ is a biotin-conjugated form of β-NAD+ that serves as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) enzymes. This reagent is essential for biochemical analysis, particularly in applications such as Western blotting, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation. Its role in monitoring PARP activity makes it valuable for research into DNA repair mechanisms and cellular stress responses.

Cat. No.

A29172

CAS No.

992-67-6

Crotonyl-CoA

Crotonyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A and serves as a high-energy acyl donor. It plays a crucial role as an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid and the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. As a substrate for p300's histone crotonyltransferase activity, Crotonyl-CoA competes with acetyl-CoA, influencing histone crotonylation levels in response to changes in cellular concentration. This compound is also essential for the activity of crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase, facilitating NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping. Crotonyl-CoA is useful for investigating the mechanisms of LPS-induced inflammatory responses.

Cat. No.

A32007

CAS No.

58-68-4

NADH

NADH serves as a crucial cofactor for dehydrogenase enzymes, facilitating electron transfer in cellular respiration and ATP synthesis. This important metabolite enhances metabolic processes, supports cognitive function, and mitigates oxidative stress by participating in the electron transport chain. Moreover, NADH plays a regulatory role in various biological processes, including apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium signaling. Dysregulation of the NADH/NAD⁺ redox balance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several conditions, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative disorders, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cat. No.

A44534

CAS No.

485-13-2

Fluoroacetyl-CoA

Synonyms: Fluoroacetyl-coenzyme A

Fluoroacetyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative that serves as an important substrate in metabolic and biochemical studies. It acts primarily as an acetyl donor in various enzymatic reactions, facilitating the introduction of fluorinated functional groups into biological molecules. This compound is valuable for research applications in metabolic engineering, drug design, and the study of metabolic pathways involving acetyl-CoA. Its unique fluorinated structure allows for the tracing and monitoring of metabolic processes in live cells.

Cat. No.

A47986

CAS No.

37333-48-5

Coenzyme FO

Coenzyme FO, a deazaflavin chromophore, functions as a crucial hydride acceptor and donor within the central methanogenic pathway. This compound is integral in facilitating electron transfer reactions, playing a significant role in methanogenesis and microbial energy metabolism. Its utility in biochemical studies enhances understanding of methanogenic processes in various environments, making it an important reagent for research applications in microbiology and biochemistry.

Cat. No.

A69166

CAS No.

9012-31-1

Acetyl-CoA synthetase

Synonyms: ACS

Acetyl-CoA Synthetase is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (Ac-CoA), facilitating the formation of thioester bonds between coenzyme A and carboxylic acids. This enzyme also hydrolyzes ATP, yielding AMP and pyrophosphate in the process. Due to its vital role in metabolic pathways, Acetyl-CoA synthetase is used in research applications focused on energy metabolism and lipid synthesis, providing insight into cellular function and regulation.

Cat. No.

A71083

CAS No.

20111-18-6

NAD sodium

Synonyms: β-DPN sodium; β-NAD sodium; β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide sodium

NAD sodium is a crucial cofactor and homeostatic regulator that plays a significant role in cellular metabolism. It can be reduced to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) during oxidative reactions, facilitating ATP production within mitochondria. This compound is particularly relevant in research studying macrophage M2 polarization, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and glucose intolerance, making it a valuable reagent for investigations into metabolic syndrome and associated disorders.

Cat. No.

A71091

CAS No.

606-68-8

NADH disodium salt

Synonyms: Disodium NADH

NADH disodium salt is an orally active reduced coenzyme that functions as a crucial donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylation reactions, as well as a precursor to cyclic ADP-ribose. This compound serves as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, facilitating processes such as glycolysis, β-oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Its unique properties position NADH disodium salt as an important reagent for studies involving energy production and metabolic pathways.

Cat. No.

A71103

CAS No.

146-14-5

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

Synonyms: FAD

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) functions as a redox cofactor, acting as a prosthetic group for various metalloenzymes. It plays a crucial role in catalytic reactions, participating in metabolic processes such as respiration and the oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids. FAD is key for researchers studying enzymatic activities, metabolism, and the biochemical pathways involved in energy production.

Cat. No.

A71113

CAS No.

1926-57-4

Lactyl-CoA

Lactyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA derivative formed from the combination of coenzyme A and lactic acid. This compound plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible lactic acid-based copolymers. Researchers utilize Lactyl-CoA to investigate its potential applications in green chemistry and sustainable materials development.

Cat. No.

A71118

CAS No.

13422-55-4

Methylcobalamin

Synonyms: Mecobalamin; CH3-B12

Methylcobalamin is a bioactive form of vitamin B12 that serves as a crucial cofactor in enzymatic reactions, particularly in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. This compound plays an essential role in DNA synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and maintaining neurological health. Methylcobalamin is widely used in research applications exploring neurological disorders, metabolic pathways, and the biochemical role of vitamin B12 in cellular functions.

Cat. No.

A71139

CAS No.

108347-97-3

Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium

Synonyms: Succinyl-CoA sodium

Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium is a crucial intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and serves as a significant coenzyme A derivative. This compound is essential for heme biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis, functioning as a critical precursor in these metabolic pathways. Insufficient levels of succinyl-CoA, often associated with cobalamin deficiency, can lead to growth retardation, impaired heme synthesis, and various neurological disorders. Succinyl-CoA sodium is valuable for research focused on metabolic, neurological, and hematological conditions, particularly those stemming from vitamin B12 deficiency and subsequent disruptions in succinyl-Coenzyme A synthesis.

Cat. No.

A71169

CAS No.

1184-16-3

NADP sodium salt

Synonyms: Sodium NADP

NADP sodium salt is the sodium salt form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), a crucial redox coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions. NADP exists in its oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH) forms, enabling it to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate various biological processes, including metabolism and inflammation. As a universal electron donor, NADPH provides the reducing power necessary for synthetic metabolic reactions and plays a critical role in maintaining redox balance and cellular function. This reagent is valuable for research in metabolic pathways, oxidative stress, and related fields.

Cat. No.

A71186

CAS No.

24292-60-2

NADP disodium salt

Synonyms: Disodium NADP

NADP disodium salt is the disodium salt form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), a crucial redox coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions. It alternates between its oxidized form (NADP+) and reduced form (NADPH), playing a vital role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. NADPH serves as a universal electron donor, facilitating synthetic metabolic reactions and regulating key biological processes, including inflammation and metabolic pathways. This reagent is essential for research in cellular metabolism and redox biology.

Cat. No.

A71189

CAS No.

13870-90-1

Adenosylcobalamin

Synonyms: Coenzyme B12; Cobamamide; AdoCbl

Adenosylcobalamin (Coenzyme B12; Cobamamide; AdoCbl) is the biologically active form of Vitamin B12, serving as a crucial cofactor for methylmalonyl CoA mutase. This enzyme plays a significant role in the metabolism of certain amino acids and fatty acids, facilitating the conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA. It is particularly valuable in studies related to metabolic disorders and vitamin B12 deficiency. Research applications include enzymatic assays and investigations into metabolic pathways involving branched-chain amino acids.

Cat. No.

A71211

CAS No.

188174-64-3

Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium

Synonyms: Palmitoyl CoA lithium

Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium is an acyl-CoA thioester that primarily targets the palmitoyl CoA pathway. It plays a vital role in β-oxidation by being transported into the mitochondrial matrix through the carnitine shuttle system. Additionally, palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium serves as a substrate in sphingosine biosynthesis, making it useful for research in lipid metabolism and cellular signaling pathways.

Cat. No.

A71282

CAS No.

55672-92-9

Coenzyme A sodium

Coenzyme A sodium is a vital cofactor, acting as an acyl group carrier and a carbonyl-activating agent, essential for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. It facilitates the oxidation of pyruvate and the metabolism of diverse carboxylic acids, including both short- and long-chain fatty acids. This compound is critical for research applications focused on metabolic pathways, energy production, and lipid metabolism.

Cat. No.

A71368

CAS No.

698999-85-8

NADP sodium hydrate

NADP sodium hydrate is the sodium salt form of NADP, a crucial redox coenzyme in cellular electron transfer reactions. It exists in two interconvertible states, NADP+ and NADPH, facilitating cellular redox homeostasis and regulating various biological processes, including metabolism and inflammation. NADPH acts as a universal electron donor, providing the reducing power necessary for synthetic metabolic reactions and maintaining redox balance, making it essential for studies focused on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress.

Cat. No.

A71378

CAS No.

108321-21-7

Propionyl coenzyme A lithium

Propionyl coenzyme A lithium is a coenzyme A derivative that plays a critical role in cellular metabolism as a thioester formed from propionic acid. This compound is essential for the metabolism of propionic acid, facilitating both its breakdown and biosynthesis pathways. Its crucial involvement in metabolic processes makes it significant for research in biochemistry and metabolic engineering.

Cat. No.

A71504

CAS No.

187100-75-0

Myristoyl coenzyme A lithium

Myristoyl Coenzyme A Lithium is a specific inhibitor of N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), which plays a critical role in myristoylation, a process that is vital for viral proliferation and has increased activity in colon epithelial tumors compared to normal cells. This compound functions by blocking the demyristoylation process, thereby regulating NMT activity, which may contribute to its potential anticancer and antiviral properties. Myristoyl Coenzyme A Lithium is valuable for research applications focusing on cancer biology and viral infection mechanisms.