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Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulators act on cation channels that sense heat, cold and irritants. The mammalian family has six subfamilies, including vanilloid (TRPV), ankyrin (TRPA), canonical (TRPC) and melastatin (TRPM) channels. TRP channels respond to temperature, touch, osmotic changes and plant-derived compounds, so they are often described as cellular sensors. Cloning of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in 1997 identified it as a heat-activated ion channel in pain-sensing neurons. AMG517 and SB-705498 are TRPV1 antagonists, while A 967079 blocks TRPA1 and optovin activates TRPA1 when exposed to light. Pyr10 inhibits TRPC3, and Pico145 inhibits channels formed by TRPC1, TRPC4 and TRPC5. The spider toxin peptide GsMTx4, an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channels, is also listed under Piezo Channel.
Synonyms: Isoevodiamine
Evodiamine is a chemical extracted from the Tetradium family of plants. It acts primarily as a thermogenic and stimulant.
Synonyms: PF4840154.
PF-4840154 is a non-electrophilic reference agonist of the TrpA1 channel. The TRPA1 channel is considered an attractive pain target based on the fact that TRPA1 knockout mice showed near complete attenuation of pain behaviors in some pre-clinical development models.
WS-12 is a potent TRPM8 agonist that acts as a cooling agent (EC50 = 193 nM).
WS 3 is TRPM8 receptors agonist (EC50 = 3.7 μM) and cooling agent.
Synonyms: (±)-Camphor
Camphor ((±)-Camphor) is recognized as a TRP channel agonist, primarily targeting TRPV3. This compound exhibits notable antiviral, antitussive, and anticancer activities, making it valuable for various research applications. Although utilized topically for its anti-infective and anti-pruritic properties, caution is advised as camphor can be toxic when ingested. Its diverse biological activities make it a significant candidate for studies related to TRPV channel modulation.
Nonivamide is a capsaicin analogue that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and U-937 macrophages. Nonivamide is a agonist, which exhibits 4d-EC50 value of 5.1 mg/L in static toxicity tests.
1,4-Cineole is an oxygenated monoterpene that acts as an agonist for the human TRPM8 and TRPA1 channels. It facilitates an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, leading to its potential therapeutic effects. 1,4-Cineole has demonstrated anti-anxiety and anti-depressive properties, making it a candidate for research into neurological diseases, particularly depression.
Synonyms: BRN 4261852; cis-Capsaicin; Civamide; Zucapsaicin; trade name Civanex.
Zucapsaicin, also known as cis-Capsaicin, is a medication used to treat osteoarthritis of the knee and other neuropathic pain. It is applied three times daily for a maximum of three months. It reduces pain, and improves articular functions.
JT010 is a potent agonist of TRPA1 with an EC50 of 0.65 nM.
RN-1747 is a selective transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) agonist, with EC50 values are 0.77 μM, 4.0 μM and 4.1 μM for hTRPV4, mTRPV4 and rTRPV4 respectively. RN-1747 also antagonizes TRPM8, with an IC50 of 4 μM.
D-3263 is an agonist of transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) with potential antineoplastic activity.
Methyl syringate is a selective agonist of the TRPA1 receptor, playing a crucial role in the regulation of food intake and gastric emptying through TRPA1-mediated pathways. Additionally, this compound functions as an effective phenolic mediator for bacterial and fungal laccases, enhancing their catalytic activities. Methyl syringate serves as a chemical marker in Asphodel monofloral honey and is associated with its antibacterial properties. Furthermore, it has been shown to inhibit aflatoxin production and may contribute to weight suppression, as well as being applicable in research focused on cancer prevention, hypoxia-induced inflammatory response, and tumorigenesis.
20-HEPE is a metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid that functions primarily as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist. At a concentration of 10 μM, it effectively activates PPARα in COS-7 cells that express a luciferase reporter gene. Additionally, 20-HEPE activates the mouse transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (mTRPV1) in vitro, although it does not exhibit analgesic effects in rat models. This compound has potential applications in the study of metabolic processes and receptor signaling pathways.
Synonyms: Neu-P11
Piromelatine is a selective agonist for the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors, alongside its activity as a serotonin 5-HT1A/5-HT1D agonist and a 5-HT2B antagonist. This compound exhibits various biological activities, including promoting sleep, providing analgesic effects, and demonstrating anti-neurodegenerative, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties. Additionally, Piromelatine shows inhibitory effects on pain-associated channels such as P2X3, TRPV1, and Nav1.7, making it a valuable tool for research in neuropharmacology and pain management.
Probenecid sodium is the sodium salt form of Probenecid, functioning as a selective agonist for the transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel. This compound has been shown to activate TRPV2, contributing to various physiological responses. Additionally, Probenecid sodium inhibits the pannexin 1 channel, making it valuable for studying cellular communication and inflammation processes. Its utility in research extends to investigating the role of TRPV2 in pain sensation and other biological pathways.
Synonyms: 4αPDD
4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate is a potent agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). It facilitates calcium ion influx and induces ATP release, thereby serving a role as an osmoreceptor. In animal studies, 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate has been shown to inhibit water intake and elevate maximal micturition pressure in rats. This compound is valuable for research into inflammation, infection, and the biological mechanisms underlying conditions such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
ML-SA1 is a selective agonist of TRPML channels, promoting lysosomal acidification and enhancing protease activity, which leads to the inhibition of Dengue virus 2 (DENV2) and Zika virus (ZIKV). The compound exhibits IC50 values of 8.3 μM for DENV2 RNA and 52.99 μM for ZIKV RNA. Additionally, ML-SA1 stimulates autophagy, making it a valuable tool for research into broad-spectrum antiviral strategies.
Synonyms: Caytine hydrochloride; JB-251 hydrochloride
Protokylol hydrochloride serves as a potent agonist of the β2-adrenergic receptor. This compound demonstrates significant bronchodilator activity, making it valuable in research related to respiratory function and pulmonary pharmacology. Additionally, it interacts with the TRPV1 receptor, further expanding its potential applications in studying pain pathways and sensory responses.
Synonyms: Caytine; JB-251
Protokylol is a TRPV1 agonist that exerts its biological activity through the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels. Its primary application includes functioning as a bronchodilator, which supports airway relaxation and dilation. Research utilizing Protokylol can facilitate investigations into pain modulation, sensory signaling, and respiratory physiology.
N-Arachidonyldopamine is a selective agonist of the CB1 and TRPV1 receptors, exhibiting a Ki value of 250 nM for the CB1 receptor and an EC50 of approximately 50 nM for TRPV1. This compound plays a significant role in modulating pain and inflammatory responses, making it a valuable tool for research investigating endocannabinoid signaling pathways and their implications in various physiological processes.
Synonyms: AM-356
(R)-Methanandamide is a potent CB1 receptor agonist, exhibiting a Ki value of 20 nM. This compound serves as an analytical tool for studying cannabinoid signaling pathways and the endocannabinoid system. Additionally, (R)-Methanandamide can activate vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors, highlighting its potential applications in pain research and modulation of inflammatory processes in cellular assays.
OMDM-6 is a hybrid agonist targeting vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1, TRPV1) with an EC50 of 75 nM and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) with a Ki of 3.2 μM. This compound also inhibits the cellular uptake of anandamide, demonstrating a Ki of 7.0 μM. Due to its dual mechanism of action, OMDM-6 is valuable for research applications exploring pain modulation and the endocannabinoid system.
CB1/2 agonist 4 serves as a full agonist for the CB1 receptor and a partial agonist for the CB2 receptor, exhibiting EC50 values of 15.09 nM and 1.16 nM, respectively. It demonstrates high affinity for human CB1 and CB2 receptors, with Ki values of 1.1 nM and 4.2 nM. This compound displays notable antinociceptive activity and effectively activates both cannabinoid and TRPV1 receptors, featuring IC50 and EC50 values of 0.8 μM and 0.12 μM, respectively. CB1/2 agonist 4 is valuable for studies exploring cannabinoid receptor functions and their implications in pain modulation.
(Thr4,Gly7)-Oxytocin is a specific agonist of the oxytocin receptor (OT receptor). This analogue enhances neuronal excitability in subicular neurons through the activation of TRPV1 channels and the inhibition of K+ channels. Its unique properties make it valuable for research applications involving neurobiology and the study of oxytocin-related pathways.
Synonyms: Farnesyl diphosphate ammonium
Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium is an agonist of the TRPM2 channel, facilitating calcium influx and promoting cell death. It serves as a crucial intermediate in the mevalonate pathway, with significant roles in cholesterol and ubiquinone synthesis, as well as protein farnesylation. This compound is utilized in research focusing on cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders.
