Endogenous Metabolite

Cat. No.

A71704

CAS No.

10526-80-4

Phosphoenolpyruvic acid cyclohexylammonium salt

Synonyms: Phosphoenolpyruvate cyclohexylammoniu​m salt

Phosphoenolpyruvic acid cyclohexylammonium salt is a glycolysis metabolite that serves as a critical intermediate in energy metabolism. It plays a vital role in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, functioning as a substrate for ATP production under energy-limited conditions. Additionally, this compound exhibits cytoprotective and antioxidative properties, making it valuable for various biological research applications focused on cellular energy dynamics and oxidative stress responses.

Cat. No.

A71795

CAS No.

104809-02-1

Methylmalonyl-CoA tetralithium

Synonyms: Isosuccinyl coenzyme A tetralithium; Methylmalonyl coenzyme tetralithium

Methylmalonyl-CoA tetralithium is an endogenous metabolite involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol. It acts as a substrate for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) in the conversion to succinyl-CoA, a crucial step in cellular energy metabolism. This reagent is valuable in research applications focused on metabolic pathways, mitochondrial function, and the study of related metabolic disorders.

Cat. No.

A71859

CAS No.

1476-39-7

Pentane-1,5-diamine dihydrochloride

Pentane-1,5-diamine dihydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a key substrate in various biological pathways. Its primary mechanism involves acting as a building block for polyamines, which are crucial for cellular growth, differentiation, and regulation of gene expression. This compound is commonly used in research applications focusing on metabolic processes and the study of polyamine biosynthesis in different biological systems.

Cat. No.

A71939

CAS No.

510-64-5

19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione

19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione serves as a substrate for the enzymes Corticotropin-lipotropin and Cytochrome P450 19A1. This endogenous metabolite plays a crucial role in steroidogenesis and is valuable in studies of adrenal and gonadal function. Its utility extends to research on hormone biosynthesis and the physiological effects of androgens and estrogens.

Cat. No.

A71946

CAS No.

23537-25-9

L-Cysteic acid monohydrate

L-Cysteic acid monohydrate is an endogenous metabolite and the oxidation product of L-cystine. It serves as a substrate for glutamate decarboxylase (GADCase) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CADCase II), playing a crucial role in neurotransmitter synthesis. This compound is valuable for research into amino acid metabolism and neurological function.

Cat. No.

A72009

CAS No.

112-31-2

Decyl aldehyde

Decyl aldehyde is a ten-carbon aldehyde that functions as a substrate for bacterial luciferase. This compound serves as an important endogenous metabolite in various biological systems. It is utilized in research applications focused on bioluminescence and metabolic studies, offering insights into cellular processes and enzyme activity.

Cat. No.

A72020

CAS No.

695-06-7

γ-Hexalactone

Synonyms: γ-Caprolactone

γ-Hexalactone is a gamma-lactone that serves as an endogenous metabolite. It is known to induce DNA damage and acts as a substrate for paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Its biological activity makes it useful for exploring mechanisms of cellular stress and oxidative damage in various research applications.

Cat. No.

A72047

CAS No.

104180-23-6

Angiotensinogen (1-14), human

Angiotensinogen (1-14), human is a biologically active fragment of the renin substrate angiotensinogen. This endogenous metabolite serves as a natural substrate for renin and plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of all angiotensin peptides. It is widely employed in cardiovascular research and studies focused on the renin-angiotensin system, contributing to the understanding of hypertension and related disorders.

Cat. No.

A72231

CAS No.

1128-23-0

L-Gulono-1,4-lactone

Synonyms: L-Gulonolactone

L-Gulono-1,4-lactone is a substrate for L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase, facilitating the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). As a direct precursor of vitamin C, it plays a crucial role in the metabolic pathways of animals, plants, and certain protists. This compound is essential for research in metabolic regulation, antioxidant activity, and the physiological roles of vitamin C in various biological systems.

Cat. No.

A72471

CAS No.

807370-75-8

N-Lignoceroyl Taurine

N-Lignoceroyl Taurine is an endogenous metabolite and taurine conjugate of lignoceric acid, identified through lipidomic analysis of bovine brain. This compound exhibits distinct biological activity as a substrate for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), with levels significantly elevated in FAAH knockout mice, indicating a potential role in lipid metabolism. Additionally, N-Lignoceroyl Taurine has been shown to activate transient receptor potential (TRP) calcium channels, including TRPV1 and TRPV4, highlighting its relevance in neurobiology and cellular signaling research.

Cat. No.

A72495

CAS No.

862913-13-1

AMC Arachidonoyl Amide

Synonyms: AMC-AA; 7-Amino-4-methyl coumarin-arachidonamide

AMC Arachidonoyl Amide (AMC-AA) is a synthetic substrate for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), enabling the assessment of FAAH activity. Upon hydrolysis by FAAH, AMC-AA releases aminomethyl coumarin, which exhibits fluorescence, specifically absorbing at 360 nm and emitting at 465 nm. This property makes AMC-AA an effective tool for the rapid and convenient quantification of FAAH activity in biological samples, facilitating research in lipid metabolism and neurobiology.

Cat. No.

A72655

CAS No.

7532-39-0

Phenylacetyl CoA

Synonyms: Phenylacetyl Coenzyme A

Phenylacetyl CoA is an endogenous metabolite that serves as an acyl-CoA derivative in metabolic pathways. It functions as a substrate for acceptor oxidoreductases, playing a critical role in the anaerobic metabolism of phenylalanine in denitrifying bacteria, such as Thauera aromatica. This compound is essential for studies on microbial metabolism and can be applied in research investigating the enzymatic processes of anaerobic organisms.

Cat. No.

A72711

CAS No.

71774-08-8

5(S)-HPETE

5(S)-HPETE is a substrate of 5-lipoxygenase and a metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is produced through the 5-LOX-catalyzed hydroperoxidation of arachidonic acid and can be further metabolized to leukotriene A4 via 5-LOX-catalyzed epoxidation. This compound is valuable for research applications related to inflammatory conditions, including asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.

Cat. No.

A72751

CAS No.

71519-72-7

Sodium creatine phosphate dibasic tetrahydrate

Synonyms: Creatine phosphate (disodium tetrahydrate); Creatinephosphoric acid (disodium tetrahydrate)

Sodium creatine phosphate dibasic tetrahydrate is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a key substrate for creatine kinase. This compound plays a critical role in the resynthesis of ATP during skeletal muscle contraction, facilitating energy production in muscle tissues. It is widely used in biochemical research to study muscle metabolism and energy dynamics.

Cat. No.

A73259

CAS No.

3207-50-9

Clinolamide

Clinolamide is an N-cyclohexyl linoleamide that primarily targets endogenous metabolites. In studies assessing cholesterol metabolism in rats, a dietary dose of 0.3% over 21 days did not significantly alter serum, liver, or kidney cholesterol levels. However, it exhibited variable effects on cholesterol synthesis in liver slices depending on the specific substrates and concentrations used. This compound is relevant for research on lipid metabolism and cholesterol regulation.

Cat. No.

A74006

CAS No.

9032-69-3

NAD Synthetase

Synonyms: NAD+ Synthetase; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase

NAD Synthetase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme demonstrates differing Km values for its substrates, with values of 200 μM for NAD, 11 μM for ATP, and 0.65 μM for ammonia in Escherichia coli, and 170 μM for NAD, 190 μM for ATP, and 64 μM for ammonia in yeast. NAD Synthetase is applicable for enzymatic assays targeting ATP, ammonia, urea, or creatinine, and is suitable for enzymatic cycling methods. Furthermore, it holds promise for advancing research in metabolic diseases, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Cat. No.

A74063

CAS No.

79606-45-4

4-Chloro-N,N-diisopropylbenzamide

4-Chloro-N,N-diisopropylbenzamide is an amide with significant relevance as a substrate for cytochrome P450 enzymes in vivo and for acetylcholinesterase in vitro. This compound plays a crucial role in metabolic studies, enabling the investigation of enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity. Its application extends to research focused on drug metabolism and neuropharmacology.

Cat. No.

A74254

CAS No.

62037-41-6

Ala-Ala-Phe-AMC

Ala-Ala-Phe-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate primarily used for the detection of proteolytic activity. Its positively charged characteristics enhance its suitability for various biochemical assays, enabling researchers to investigate protease function in biological samples. This compound is valuable in studies related to protein turnover, cellular signaling, and disease mechanisms involving proteolysis.

Cat. No.

A74340

CAS No.

1187-99-1

DL-4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate

DL-4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate acts as a substrate for the enzymes glutamic oxalacetic aminotransferase (GOT) and 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase, mediating the reversible conversion of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate to pyruvate and glyoxylate. This endogenous metabolite is valuable in mass spectrometry applications for the rapid analysis of negatively charged, water-soluble cellular metabolites, aiding in metabolic pathway studies and biomarker discovery.

Cat. No.

A74416

CAS No.

21562-58-3

15-keto Prostaglandin F1α

Synonyms: 15-keto PGF1α

15-keto Prostaglandin F1α is a key metabolite of Prostaglandin F1α that serves as an effective substrate for the prostaglandin receptor PGR-2. This compound plays a significant role in the study of physiological processes, including prostaglandin metabolism and lipogenesis. Its utility in research applications makes it essential for investigations into lipid biology and related metabolic pathways.

Cat. No.

A74473

CAS No.

89019-63-6

Diheptanoyl Thio-PC

Diheptanoyl Thio-PC is a substrate designed for the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), excluding cytosolic PLA2 and PAF-acetyl hydrolase. This compound undergoes hydrolysis at the sn-2 position, releasing a free thiol group on lysophospholipid. The resulting free thiol can be quantitatively measured using chromogenic assays, such as DTNB (Ellman’s reagent) and DTP, making it valuable for studies involving phospholipase activity and lipid metabolism.

Cat. No.

A74511

CAS No.

135272-91-2

Sandosaponin A

Synonyms: Soyasaponin Bd

Sandosaponin A is a saponin that primarily targets human recombinant aldehyde reductase (hAKR1B1), exhibiting notable inhibitory activity. This compound effectively inhibits the reduction of both l-idose and 4-hydroxynonenal, highlighting its role in distinguishing between different aldehyde reductase inhibitors in complex mixtures. The mechanism of inhibition by Sandosaponin A is thought to involve its interaction with diverse substrates, making it a valuable tool for research focused on metabolic pathways and enzyme regulation.

Cat. No.

A74536

CAS No.

76261-96-6

8(Z)-Eicosenoic acid

Synonyms: cis-8-Eicosenoic acid

8(Z)-Eicosenoic acid is a cis-unsaturated free fatty acid that serves as an endogenous metabolite. This 20-carbon chain fatty acid potentiates acetylcholine receptor channel currents without causing depression and enhances the phosphorylation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) substrates in Xenopus oocytes. It represents approximately 6% of the fatty acid composition in seed oil derived from Bursera collina, making it significant for studies in fatty acid metabolism and receptor pharmacology.

Cat. No.

A74550

CAS No.

40757-80-0

(E/Z)-Linoleoyl-CoA

Synonyms: (E/Z)-Linoleoyl Coenzyme A; (E/Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoyl Coenzyme A

(E/Z)-Linoleoyl-CoA is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a substrate for analyzing the specificity and kinetics of acyl-CoA. Its unique ability to substitute for different substrates allows for the investigation of amino acid substitutions, which can impact the reactivity with various desaturases. Research involving (E/Z)-Linoleoyl-CoA enhances the understanding of substrate specificity in mammalian fatty acid desaturases and facilitates the development of methods for the efficient production of valuable fatty acids.