Biochemical Assay Reagents

Cat. No.

A37778

CAS No.

102783-51-7

Deoxycytidine triphosphate disodium

Synonyms: dCTP disodium; 2′-Deoxycytidine-5′-triphosphate disodium

Deoxycytidine triphosphate disodium is a nucleoside triphosphate that serves as a key substrate for DNA synthesis and repair. It is essential for polymerase reactions, including DNA replication and amplification. dCTP is widely used in molecular biology applications such as PCR, cloning, and genomic studies, facilitating the incorporation of cytosine residues into newly synthesized DNA strands. Its role in maintaining genomic integrity makes it a vital reagent in various biochemical assays and research endeavors.

Cat. No.

A37795

CAS No.

13018-54-7

FAICAR

Synonyms: 5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide

FAICAR (5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide) is a purine nucleotide and the substrate for IMP cyclohydrolase in Cryptococcus neoformans ATIC. It serves as a crucial intermediate in the de novo purine synthesis pathway. FAICAR is relevant for research focused on Cryptococcus neoformans infections and can aid in understanding purine metabolism and its implications in pathogenicity.

Cat. No.

A37833

CAS No.

102814-08-4

dUTP trisodium

Synonyms: 2'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt

dUTP trisodium, the salt form of 2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-Triphosphate, serves as a crucial substrate for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications. As a metabolic intermediate in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, dUTP can effectively substitute for dTTP, yielding uracil-containing PCR products suitable for a variety of research applications. Additionally, dUTP has been shown to inhibit Cytidine Aminohydrolase activity from sheep liver, highlighting its potential utility in enzymatic studies.

Cat. No.

A37834

CAS No.

2564-35-4

dGTP

Synonyms: 2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate

dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate) functions as a crucial precursor for DNA synthesis and acts as a direct substrate in DNA replication and repair processes. Given its role in the nucleotide pool, dGTP can be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, leading to its oxidation and the formation of 8-oxo-dGTP in the presence of reactive oxygen species. This compound is essential for various research applications, including studies on DNA polymerase activity and the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair.

Cat. No.

A37974

CAS No.

102212-99-7

5-BrdUTP sodium salt

Synonyms: 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate sodium salt

5-BrdUTP sodium salt is a thymidine analog that serves as a substrate for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). It is primarily utilized for labeling DNA double-strand breaks in various research applications, including studies on DNA damage response and repair mechanisms. Its incorporation into DNA allows for the detection and analysis of lesions, facilitating investigations into genomic stability and cellular responses to DNA damage.

Cat. No.

A38077

CAS No.

35892-97-8

8-NH2-ATP tetrasodium

Synonyms: 8-Aminoadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate tetrasodium

8-NH2-ATP tetrasodium is an analog of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that serves as a crucial substrate in DNA and RNA synthesis. This compound can facilitate the incorporation of adenine in nucleic acid formation while also impacting cellular pathways, notably inducing apoptosis-related cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. It is valuable in various research applications, including studies on nucleotide metabolism and the investigation of apoptotic mechanisms.

Cat. No.

A38226

CAS No.

178036-66-3

dGTPαS sodium

Synonyms: 2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-O-(α-thio)triphosphate sodium

dGTPαS sodium is a modified deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dNTP) that serves as a substrate for DNA polymerases, incorporating into DNA strands during replication processes. This compound facilitates pyrophosphate cleavage, leading to the generation of fluorescence, which can be employed in various molecular biology applications. It is particularly useful in gene synthesis, sequencing, and other studies involving nucleic acid detection and analysis.

Cat. No.

A38324

CAS No.

327174-86-7

5-Methylcytidine 5′-triphosphate

Synonyms: 5-Methyl-CTP

5-Methylcytidine 5′-triphosphate (5-Methyl-CTP) is a modified nucleoside triphosphate that functions as a substrate for RNA synthesis. Its incorporation into mRNA enhances translational efficiency and stability while diminishing innate immune responses in human and other mammalian cells. This compound is valuable in research applications involving mRNA modification, gene expression studies, and the development of RNA-based therapeutics.

Cat. No.

A38399

CAS No.

444020-64-8

3′-Deoxy-3′-methyluridine

3′-Deoxy-3′-methyluridine is a nucleoside derivative that serves as a substrate for the inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. This compound is crucial in the development of antiviral agents targeted at RNA viruses. Its biological activity facilitates research into the mechanisms of viral replication and the design of therapeutic strategies against viral infections.

Cat. No.

A38405

CAS No.

178603-75-3

dTTPαS sodium

dTTPαS sodium is a modified deoxythymidine triphosphate (dNTP) that functions as a substrate for DNA polymerases, enabling the incorporation of thiol-modified nucleotides into DNA strands. This reagent exhibits unique fluorescence properties upon the release of pyrophosphate, which can be harnessed in various applications such as gene synthesis and DNA sequencing. Its specialized features make it a valuable tool for researchers in the fields of molecular biology and genetic engineering.

Cat. No.

A38528

CAS No.

163759-94-2

2'-O-MOE-5-Me-C(Bz)

2'-O-MOE-5-Me-C(Bz) is a nucleotide analog that serves as a substrate for oligonucleotide synthesis. This compound features a 2'-O-methoxyethyl modification, enhancing stability and cellular uptake while maintaining biological activity. It is widely utilized in research applications involving gene manipulation, RNA interference, and the development of therapeutic oligonucleotides.

Cat. No.

A38560

CAS No.

2567941-52-8

Biotin-16-dCTP

Biotin-16-dCTP is a biotinylated deoxycytidine triphosphate designed as a crucial substrate for DNA labeling. It can be enzymatically incorporated into the 3' end of DNA probes using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, facilitating the biotinylation of probes and enhancing chemiluminescent detection of low-abundance targets such as specific tRNA isoacceptors in Northern blotting assays. Additionally, Biotin-16-dCTP can substitute conventional dCTP in the synthesis of single-stranded DNA via asymmetric polymerase chain reaction, enabling applications in bioconjugation and pull-down assays. Care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to maintain its efficacy for probe biotinylation.

Cat. No.

A38711

CAS No.

1472655-21-2

dTPT3TP

dTPT3TP is a non-natural nucleoside triphosphate that serves as a substrate for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). This reagent facilitates the extension of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) primers, enabling advanced applications in nucleic acid research, including DNA synthesis and modification studies. Its unique structure allows for exploration of synthetic biology and genetic engineering techniques.

Cat. No.

A38715

CAS No.

79671-09-3

5-fluoro-dCTP

Synonyms: 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate

5-fluoro-dCTP is a fluorinated pyrimidine deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) that serves as a substrate for the incorporation of fluorine modifications into targeted DNA sequences. This compound is utilized in primer extension (PEX) reactions catalyzed by Pwo polymerase, enabling the study of DNA structure and function as well as the development of novel biophysical tools. Its unique properties make it valuable for applications in molecular biology, genomics, and biochemistry research.

Cat. No.

A38835

CAS No.

1187-84-4

S-Methyl-L-cysteine

Synonyms: L-S-Methylcysteine

S-Methyl-L-cysteine serves as a substrate for methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), playing a crucial role in the enzymatic antioxidant system. This compound exhibits notable antioxidative properties, in addition to providing neuroprotective and anti-obesity effects. It is valuable for research applications exploring oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders.

Cat. No.

A39004

CAS No.

2216-69-5

1-Methoxynaphthalene

1-Methoxynaphthalene acts as a substrate for the investigation of cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) activity, facilitating studies on reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. This compound’s utility extends to the synthesis of prenyl naphthalen-ols, making it valuable for various chemical and biological research applications. Its role in ROS-related pathways positions it as a crucial reagent for studies in oxidative stress and related cellular processes.

Cat. No.

A39829

CAS No.

38789-84-3

S2160 hydrochloride

Synonyms: Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA hydrochloride

S2160 hydrochloride is a selective substrate for Cathepsin B, primarily used in calorimetric assays to quantify the enzymatic activity of this protease. This reagent facilitates the study of Cathepsin B's role in various biological processes and disease states, making it essential for researchers investigating proteolytic pathways and related therapeutic targets.

Cat. No.

A41923

CAS No.

57072-35-2

4-Nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate

4-Nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate serves as a substrate for 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, facilitating the study of enzyme kinetics and mechanisms. This compound is useful in research applications involving nucleic acid metabolism and phosphodiester bond hydrolysis. Its ability to release 4-nitrophenol upon cleavage enables colorimetric detection methods, making it a valuable tool in biochemical assays.

Cat. No.

A42643

CAS No.

72320-38-8

3-Azidopropanol

3-Azidopropanol is an azide-containing alcohol utilized as a substrate in click chemistry reactions. It facilitates Cu-catalyzed addition reactions with propargyl alcohol, making it a valuable tool in bioconjugation and labeling strategies. This reagent is essential for applications in biochemical assays, enabling the study of biomolecular interactions and the development of targeted therapeutics.

Cat. No.

A43573

CAS No.

6184-11-8

Lysine 4-nitroanilide

Lysine 4-nitroanilide is a substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), specifically utilized in enzymatic assays to evaluate DPP-3 activity. This compound serves as a valuable tool in enzymology research, enabling the study of various biological processes involving peptide metabolism and processing. Its specificity for arylamidase activity makes it an essential reagent for investigating enzymatic functions and kinetics.

Cat. No.

A43836

CAS No.

186033-13-6

Biotin-16-UTP

Synonyms: Biotin-16-UTP tetralithium

Biotin-16-UTP is an active substrate for RNA polymerase, serving as a key component in in vitro transcription reactions. This nucleotide analog can effectively replace UTP, facilitating the incorporation of biotin during RNA synthesis. Its ability to label RNA makes it valuable in applications such as RNA detection, analysis, and purification in molecular biology research.

Cat. No.

A44360

CAS No.

687627-29-8

Bio-17-ATP

Bio-17-ATP is a synthetic nucleotide analog that serves as a substrate for AMPylation assays. Its structural features enable the incorporation of adenosine monophosphate into target proteins, facilitating studies on enzyme activity and signaling pathways. This reagent is valuable for research applications in cell biology, protein interactions, and post-translational modifications.

Cat. No.

A44459

CAS No.

7240-90-6

X-GAL

Synonyms: BCIG

X-GAL is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase that serves as a vital tool in molecular biology. Upon enzymatic cleavage by β-galactosidase, X-GAL is converted from a colorless state to a blue, insoluble product, facilitating the identification of recombinant bacterial colonies in blue-white screening applications. Additionally, X-GAL is utilized for quantifying β-galactosidase activity, making it an essential reagent in various cloning and gene expression studies.

Cat. No.

A44461

CAS No.

30931-67-0

ABTS diammonium salt

Synonyms: AzBTS-(NH4)2

ABTS diammonium salt is a highly effective substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates. This compound is widely utilized in various biochemical assays to determine antioxidant capacity, facilitating research in oxidative stress and related biological processes. Its sensitivity and specificity make it a valuable tool for studies involving enzyme activity and antioxidant assessments.

Cat. No.

A44473

CAS No.

99792-79-7

Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside

Synonyms: CPRG

Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside is a specific chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, facilitating quantitative colorimetric assays. Initially appearing pale yellow, it undergoes hydrolysis by β-galactosidase to release chlorophenol red, resulting in a color shift to purple-red in alkaline or neutral pH environments. This chromatic change can be accurately measured at wavelengths of 540-572 nm using visible spectrophotometry, making it a valuable tool in various research applications involving β-galactosidase activity.