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PI3K Inhibitor
PIK-75 is an imidazopyridine that selectively inhibits p110α with an IC50 value of 5.8 nM.2 It inhibits p110γ and p110β considerably less effectively with IC50 values of 0.076 μM and 1.3 μM, respectively.- Pridham KJ, .et al. , Neuro Oncol, 2018, Mar 27;20(4):494-505 PMID: 29016844
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Topoisomerase II inhibitor
Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline anti-neoplastic doxorubicin. Intercalates into DNA and interacts with Topo II (topoisomerase II) and supressing DNA replication- Krishna K Ramajayam, .et al. , Int J Hyperthermia, 2022, 39(1):998-1009 PMID: 35876089
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HDAC Inhibitor
Pyroxamide (NSC 696085) is a potent inhibitor of affinity-purified HDAC1 and causes the accumulation of acetylated core histones in MEL cells cultured with the agent. -
DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor
Raltitrexed (Tomudex) is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and also is one of the strongest antimetabolites in use.- Yool Lee, .et al. , Sci Adv, 2021, 7
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RNA polymerase inhibitor
Rifabutin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Its effect is based on blocking the DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of the bacteria.- Matt D Johansen, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2020, Aug 17;AAC.00363-20 PMID: 32816730
- Meikle V, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2018, Nov 12. pii: AAC.01846-18 PMID: 30420480
- Dinah Binte Aziz, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2017, Jun; 61(6): e00155-17 PMID: 28396540
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RNA polymerase inhibitor
Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. Prototypical activator of the pregnane X receptor (PXR).- Meikle V, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2018, Nov 12. pii: AAC.01846-18 PMID: 30420480
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HDAC inhibitor
SB939 is an oral inhibitor of HDAC, selective for class I, II and IV HDACs and displays an IC50 value of 77 nM in an in vitro HDAC1 activity assay.- Giovanni Bocci, .et al. , ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci, 2020, Oct 14
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HDAC inhibitor
Sodium butyrate (NaB, Butanoic acid sodium salt), sodium salt of butyric acid, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and competitively binds to the zinc sites of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs). -
HDAC inhibitor
Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. -
HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Tenofovir is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It works by decreasing the amount of HIV in the blood. -
DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor
Topotecan HCl (Hycamtin) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is a topoisomerase inhibitor. -
HDAC Inhibitor
Trichostatin A (TSA) inhibits the HDACs 1, 3, 4, 6 and 10 with IC50 values around 20 nM.- Goudreault M, .et al. , Research Square, 2021, 22 Nov
- Hiroyuki Imuta, .et al. , Heart Vessels, 2020, Jul 16 PMID: 32676696
- Méndez-Blanco C, .et al. , Cancers (Basel), 2019, Dec 9;11(12). pii: E1984 PMID: 31835431
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HDAC inhibitor
Vorinostat is an inhibitor of HDACs, inhibiting deacetylation and leading to an accumulation of both hyperacetylated histones and transcription factors.- Amy E Neely, .et al. , Commun Biol, 2023, Jun 23;6(1):664 PMID: 37353594
- Ting-Yu Chang, .et al. , Biomed Pharmacother, 2021, Jun;138:111485 PMID: 33740521
- David Diaz-Carballo, .et al. , Commun Biol, 2021, Mar 3;4(1):276 PMID: 33658617
- Arshdeep Singh, .et al. , Eur J Med Chem, 2021, Apr 5;215:113169 PMID: 33588178
- Shariful Islam, .et al. , Blood Adv, 2020, 4(20): 5297-5310 PMID: 33108458
- Giovanni Bocci, .et al. , ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci, 2020, Oct 14
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PARP inhibitor
MK-4827 is a novel potent, orally bioavailable PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor.- Joseph M Gozgit, .et al. , Cancer cell, 2021, Jul 22;S1535-6108(21)00340-8 PMID: 34375612
- Ann-Katrin Hopp, .et al. , Molecular cell, 2021, Jan 21; 81(2): 340–354 PMID: 33450210
- Bian C, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2019, Feb 11;10(1):693 PMID: 30741937
- Tahira Baloch, .et al. , BMC Cancer, 2019, Jan 10;19(1):44 PMID: 30630446
- Khalid Hilmi, .et al. , Sci Adv, 2017, May; 3(5): e1601898 PMID: 28560323
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HDAC inhibitor
AR-42 is a novel HDAC inhibitor, exhibits biologic activity against malignant mast cell lines via down-regulation of constitutively activated Kit.- Yong-Hui Liao, .et al. , Mol Med Rep, 2018, Feb; 17(2): 2803-2810 PMID: 29257262
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HDAC6 inhibitor
Tubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold).- Isin Cakir, .et al. , Nat Metab, 2022, Jan;4(1):44-59 PMID: 35039672
- Isin Cakir, .et al. , Elife, 2022, Mar 24 PMID: 35323110
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DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor
CX-5461 is a first-in-class non-genotoxic small molecule targeted inhibitor of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) that activates the p53 pathway without causing DNA damage.- Saruul Tungalag, .et al. , Int J Hematol, 2023, Feb 13 PMID: 36780110
- Martine Chebrout, .et al. , J Cell Sci, 2022, 135 (6): jcs258798 PMID: 35048992
- Taro Mannena, .et al. , Mol Biol Cell, 2021, 32:ar33, 1-11 PMID: 34495685
- Shuichiro Okamoto, .et al. , Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2020, Aug 15;1-8 PMID: 32799625
- Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2020, 10: 12192 PMID: 32699225
- Abed Saady, .et al. , Dyes Pigm, 2020, 174: 107986
- Jackobel AJ, .et al. , Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech, 2019, Aug 2:194408 PMID: 31382053
- Hiroaki Suzuki, .et al. , Cell Death Dis, 2018, Oct; 9(10): 975 PMID: 30250194
- Anastasia Gelgor, .et al. , Oncotarget, 2018, Mar 2; 9(17): 13822-13833 PMID: 29568397
- Wang ZF, .et al. , Cell Chem Biol, 2018, Nov 29. pii: S2451-9456(18)30378-7 PMID: 30503283
- Yuko Fujiwara, .et al. , EBioMedicine, 2018, Jul; 33: 33-48 PMID: 30049386
- Maïmouna Coura Kone, .et al. , Biol Reprod, 2016, Apr;94(4):95, 1-12 PMID: 26984997
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DNA-PK inhibitor
NU-7441 (KU-57788) is a potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor. The IC50 values are 14, 1700, 5000, >100000 and >100000 nM for DNA-PK, mTOR, PI 3-K, ATM and ATR respectively.- Ryo Sakasai, .et al. , Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2023, Aug 6;668:42-48 PMID: 37244033
- Shahar Biechonski, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2018, Apr 17 PMID: 29666389
- Ihara M, .et al. , J Radiat Res, 2018, Nov 23 PMID: 30476230
- Chwastek J, .et al. , Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2017, Jun;87:38-53 PMID: 28341201
- Masaaki Yanai, .et al. , Yonago Acta Med, 2017, Mar; 60(1): 9-15 PMID: 28331416
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β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Inhibitor
Pneumocandin B0 is the major analogue of a family of lipopeptides isolated from several species of several different genera, notably Cryptosporiopsis, Glarea and Pezicula. Pneumocandin B0 is a potent antifungal and acts by inhibition of the synthesis of β-(1,3)-D-glucan, an essential component of the cell wall of susceptible fungi. -
Transcriptase inhibitor
Abacavir sulfate is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI); guanosine analog used to treat HIV and AIDS. -
PI3K/HDAC inhibitor
CUDC-907 (Fimepinostat) is a single small molecule inhibitor that targets both PI3K and HDAC. CUDC-907 is more efficacious than either a single PI3K or HDAC inhibitor reference compound or a combination of the two single agents at maximally tolerated doses.- Caner Gunaydın, .et al. , Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 2022, Jun;44(3):447-455 PMID: 35291899
- Chie Ishikawa, .et al. , Eur J Haematol, 2020, Eur J Haematol PMID: 32780889
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PI3K inhibitor
Wortmannin is a potent, selective, cell-permeable and irreversible inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) (IC50 = 2 - 4 nM) which also potently inhibits polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) (IC50 = 5.8 nM).
- Hirotake Ishida, .et al. , J Neurosci, 2021, Oct 13;41(41):8494-8507 PMID: 34452938
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MDMX Inhibitor
NSC207895 is a cell-permeable benzofuroxan compound that downregulates the p53 negative regulator MDMX protein level in MCF-7, LNCaP, and A549 cells (1 to 10 µM for 16 to 24 h) by suppressesing MDMX promoter transcription activity (IC50 = 2.5 µM in HT1080 cells), leading to enhanced p53 stabilization and activation.
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PARP inhibitor
BMN-673 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with potential antineoplastic activity.- Subhajit Chatterjee, .et al. , J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2022, Dec;148(12):3521-3535 PMID: 35962813
- Charles-André Philip, .et al. , BMC Cancer, 2017, 17: 638 PMID: 28886696
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DNA synthesis inhibitor
Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a DNA synthesis inhibitor which inhibits the growth of BxPC-3, Mia Paca-2, PANC-1, PL-45 and AsPC-1 cells with IC50s of 37.6, 42.9, 92.7, 89.3 and 131.4 nM, respectively.- Yi-Ru Pan, .et al. , Int J Biol Sci, 2023, May 21;19(9):2772-2786 PMID: 37324940
- Khan Mohammad Imran, .et al. , Pharmaceutics, 2023, May 24;15(6):1585 PMID: 37376034
- Yi-Ru Pan, .et al. , Biomolecules, 2020, Nov 9;10(11):1529 PMID: 33182492
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DNA synthesis inhibitor
Mitomycin C is a DNA crosslinking agent that inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in a variety of cells.- Gehlen-Breitbach S, .et al. , Int J Oral Sci, 2023, 15(1):16 PMID: 37024457
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DHFR inhibitor
Pralatrexate is an antifolate (a folate analogue metabolic inhibitor) designed to accumulate preferentially in cancer cells. -
eIF4A inhibitor
Silvestrol is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) inhibitor isolated from the fruits and twigs of Aglaia foveolata. Silvestrol induces autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis. -
mTOR inhibitor
Torin 2 is a potent and selective mTOR inhibitor (IC50 = 2.1 nM). Displays 800-fold cellular selectivity for mTOR over PI3K (cellular EC50 values are 0.25 and 200 nM for mTOR and PI3K respectively).- Diane Yang, .et al. , Diabetes, 2021, Oct;70(10):2419-2429 PMID: 34344789
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viral RNA polymerase inhibitor
T-705, a substituted pyrazine compound, has been found to exhibit potent anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo.
- Steven B Tillis, .et al. , Microorganisms, 2023, May 24;11(6):1371 PMID: 37374873
- Hyeon-Min Cha, .et al. , ACS Infect Dis, 2023, Apr 14;9(4):1033-1045 PMID: 36912867
- Satoko Yamaoka, .et al. , Antiviral Res, 2022, Apr;200:105291 PMID: 35296419
- Crystal A Mendoza, .et al. , Antiviral Res, 2021, Jan;185:104993 PMID: 33296695
- Liva Checkmahomed, .et al. , Viruses, 2020, Oct; 12(10): 1139 PMID: 33049959
- JE Comer, .et al. , Viruses, 2019, Feb 3;11(2). pii: E137 PMID: 30717492
- Ma J, .et al. , Antiviral Res, 2018, Feb;150:112-122 PMID: 29253498
- Ji-Ae Kim, .et al. , Viruses, 2018, Feb; 10(2): 72 PMID: 29425176
- Haejin Chun, .et al. , Polym Chem, 2018, 9: 2116-2123
- Baz M, .et al. , Viruses, 2018, Nov 3;10(11) PMID: 30400276
- Sehee Park, .et al. , PLoS One., 2014, 9(7): e101325 PMID: 24992479
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ATM/ATR inhibitor
VE-821 is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase ATR.- Atsushi Saito, .et al. , Cell Rep, 2023, May 30;42(5):112479 PMID: 37178686
- Mitsuru Sasaki-Honda, .et al. , Hum Mol Genet, 2018, Dec 1; 27(23): 4024-4035 PMID: 30107443
- Kim J, .et al. , Mol Cell, 2018, Jan 4;69(1):36-47.e7 PMID: 29249653
- Antonio Postigo, .et al. , Cell Rep, 2017, May 2; 19(5): 1022-1032 PMID: 28467896
- Nnennaya Kanu, .et al. , Genome Biol, 2016, 17: 185 PMID: 27634334
- Carolyn Botting, .et al. , Virol J, 2016, 13: 15 PMID: 26817608
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RHA inhibitor
YK 4-279 is an inhibitor of RNA Helicase A (RHA) binding to the oncogenic transciption factor EWS-FLI1.- Christopher M Schafer, .et al. , Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020, Oct 20;117(42):26494-26502 PMID: 33020273
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Topoisomerase inhibitor
Balofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic. The bactericidal action of Balofloxacin results from interference with the enqyme DNA gyrase which is needed for the synthesis of bacterial DNA. Balofloxacin is efficacious against Gram-negative bacteria. It also has enhanced activity against Gram positive bacteria, including MRSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae. -
Topoisomerase inhibitor
Sarafloxacin hydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase). -
DNA-PK inhibitor
Compound 401 is a cell-permeable pyrimido-isoquinolinone compound that acts as a potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50 = 280 nM) with ~19-fold selectivity over mTOR (IC50 = 5.3 μM). -
Topoisomerase II inhibitor
Flumequine is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic which affecting mammalian chromosome and DNA unwinding at the level of gyrase/topoisomerases. -
HDAC inhibitor
Romidepsin strongly inhibits HDAC1 and HDAC2 with IC5N/A of 1.6 nM and 3.9 nM, respectively, but is relatively weak in inhibiting HDAC4 and HDAC6 with IC5N/A 25 nM and 79N/A nM, respectively.- Yu-Fang Liu, .et al. , J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2022, Jun;36(6):e23044 PMID: 35499365
- David Diaz-Carballo, .et al. , Commun Biol, 2021, Mar 3;4(1):276 PMID: 33658617
- Eva Hesping, .et al. , Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist, 2020, 14: 249-256
- Shariful Islam, .et al. , Blood Adv, 2020, 4(20): 5297-5310 PMID: 33108458
- Elena Netchiporouk, .et al. , Oncotarget, 2017, Nov 10; 8(56): 95981-95998 PMID: 29221181
- Ivan V. Litvinov, .et al. , Clin Cancer Res, 2014, 20(14): 3799-3808 PMID: 24850846
- Ivan V Litvinov, .et al. , Cell Cycle., 2014, 15; 13(18): 2975-2982 PMID: 25486484
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HDAC6 inhibitor
ACY-1215 selectively targets and binds to HDAC6, thereby disrupting the Hsp90 protein chaperone system through hyperacetylation of Hsp90 and preventing the subsequent aggresomal protein degradation. -
HDAC Inhibitor
CI-994 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and induces histone hyperacetylation in living cells. -
Topoisomerase
(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin is a camptothecin derivative that inhibits DNA topoisomerase by enacting strand breaks in chromosomal DNA and inducing apoptosis.