Immunology & Inflammation related

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  1. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Nepetoidin B is an anti-inflammatory agent that exerts its effects by modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, Nepetoidin B also demonstrates antifungal and antibacterial activities. This natural compound, derived from Salvia plebeia R. Br., is suitable for research applications focused on inflammation and infectious diseases.
  2. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Myristinin A is a flavan compound that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by selectively inhibiting COX-2 activity, with an IC50 value of 16.9 μg/mL. It reduces the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2), effectively blocking the release of inflammatory mediators. Additionally, Myristinin A demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with an IC50 of 8.8 μg/mL. This compound is valuable for research into inflammation and infection, particularly in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
  3. Anti-inflammatory/Anti-microbial Agent

    Nyasol is a bioactive compound known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It demonstrates significant antifungal, antibacterial, and antileishmanial activities, alongside hyaluronidase inhibition. Nyasol effectively inhibits the binding of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) to human neutrophils and suppresses neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting I-κB degradation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. This compound is valuable in research focused on inflammatory diseases and microbial infections.
  4. Anti-inflammatory agent

    DHMB (2,3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an organic compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells, making it valuable for research related to inflammation and gut health. This reagent is useful in studying the pathways involved in inflammatory responses and exploring therapeutic solutions for inflammatory disorders.
  5. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Lupeol acetate is a derivative of Lupeol that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits significant biological activity by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting osteoclast production, thereby improving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, Lupeol acetate shows antibacterial and anti-trypanosomic properties and has been observed to inhibit spermatogenesis in male rats, potentially leading to infertility. This compound is suitable for research applications related to inflammation, cancer, and reproductive health.
  6. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    β-Amyrin acetate is a triterpenoid recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including antifungal, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Research indicates that β-Amyrin acetate can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity by binding to the hydrophobic cleft of the enzyme, making it a valuable candidate for studies related to lipid metabolism and inflammation management.
  7. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Triamcinolone acetonide is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that primarily targets fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signaling pathways. It effectively inhibits bFGF-induced proliferation of retinal endothelial cells, promotes macrophage activation with anti-inflammatory properties, and reduces chondrocyte viability, contributing to cartilage degradation. This compound is valuable for research applications related to various inflammatory conditions, including atopic dermatitis.
  8. Anti-inflammatory Agents

    Balsalazide disodium is a prodrug that releases mesalamine in the colon, primarily targeting anti-inflammatory pathways. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity in conditions such as colitis and demonstrates potential anticancer effects through modulation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. This compound is useful in research focused on gastrointestinal disorders and cancer therapy.
  9. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside is a potent anti-inflammatory agent derived from Cirsium maackii. This compound effectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Additionally, Luteolin 5-O-glucoside downregulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages, making it valuable for research in inflammatory pathways and related conditions.
  10. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Ajugol is an orally active iridoid glycoside that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. It activates TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, contributing to its protective effects on cellular homeostasis. Ajugol demonstrates significant potential for research in conditions such as asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis due to its dual role in promoting autophagy and mitigating inflammation.
  11. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent

    2-Ethoxybenzamide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits both analgesic and antipyretic activities. Its mechanism involves the induction of melanin synthesis through the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). This compound is valuable for research focused on hypopigmentation and inflammation-related diseases, providing insights into therapeutic applications and biological pathways involved in these conditions.
  12. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Salsalate is an anti-inflammatory agent primarily targeting the modulation of cytokine expression without direct cyclooxygenase inhibition. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects and has been shown to lower blood glucose levels, enhance insulin sensitivity, and mitigate the effects of metabolic disorders associated with high-fat diets. Salsalate is utilized in research pertaining to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, demonstrating its potential in the management of metabolic disorders.
  13. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Brazilein is an anti-inflammatory agent that targets Na+,K+-ATPase with an IC50 of 500 μM. It exhibits potent neuroprotective activities by reducing iNOS mRNA expression, thereby inhibiting nitric oxide production in immune cells and modulating inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Brazilein has been shown to decrease cerebral infarction volume and enhance neurological function in models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, it induces apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes and can affect immune responses and organ weights, making it valuable for research in neurobiology, cardiovascular health, and inflammatory disorders.
  14. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    (-)-Pinoresinol is a plant-derived tetrahydrofuran lignan that serves as an anti-inflammatory agent through the inhibition of α-glucosidase. This compound exhibits hypoglycemic properties and demonstrates chemopreventive potential by inducing apoptosis and causing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Its biological activities make it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and metabolic disorders.
  15. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Taurodeoxycholate-d6 sodium is an anionic detergent derived from bile salts, functioning primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent. This compound promotes the isolation of membrane proteins, particularly in the inner mitochondrial membrane, making it essential for studies in cellular biology. Furthermore, Taurodeoxycholate-d6 demonstrates notable anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, positioning it as a valuable tool for research applications focused on inflammation and neuroprotection pathways.
  16. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Lactucin is a recognized anti-inflammatory agent that promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, it exhibits analgesic, anticancer, and antimalarial properties, making it a versatile compound for various biological research applications. Its multifaceted activity provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions for inflammatory diseases and cancer.
  17. Anticancer/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Isoangustone A is an effective anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent that promotes apoptosis and autophagic cell death in cancer cells. This compound is of interest for research applications aimed at understanding cancer biology and developing potential therapeutic strategies. Its dual action highlights its relevance in the study of cancer progression and inflammation-mediated diseases.
  18. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Stephanine ((-)-Stephanine) is an isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloid known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It induces apoptosis via the reversal of mitotic exit, demonstrating significant antiplasmodial activity. This compound is valuable for research applications related to gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, and various cancer types.
  19. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Taurodeoxycholic acid is an anionic bile salt with anti-inflammatory properties, primarily targeting inflammation pathways. It demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects and is utilized in the isolation of membrane proteins, including those from the inner mitochondrial membrane. This compound is valuable for research applications involving membrane biochemistry and neuroinflammation studies.
  20. Anti-inflammatory Drug

    Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium is a bile acid derivative that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through the modulation of immune responses. This compound has been shown to induce apoptosis and plays a significant role in reducing inflammation. Its biological activities make it a valuable reagent for research applications focused on understanding inflammatory diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.
  21. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Lonicerin, also known as Veronicastroside, is a flavonoid recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 37.4 µg/mL and suppresses alginate secretion protein (AlgE). Lonicerin demonstrates a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, as well as antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Its diverse applications make it valuable in research focused on inflammation, infection, and oxidative stress.
  22. Anti-inflammatory agent

    Hederacoside C is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that targets the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. It exerts its biological activity by inhibiting the activation of this pathway, resulting in a reduction of inflammation. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, Hederacoside C also demonstrates antibacterial activity, making it a valuable compound for research applications focused on inflammatory diseases and infections.
  23. Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    S-Allylmercaptocysteine is an organic sulfur compound that acts as both an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This compound exhibits significant efficacy in various pulmonary diseases by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. S-Allylmercaptocysteine also demonstrates potential anti-cancer activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells via the TGF-β signaling pathway, while modulating NF-κB activity and up-regulating Nrf2 to enhance its therapeutic effects.
  24. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is an anionic detergent derived from bile salts, primarily acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. Its key biological activity includes facilitating the isolation of membrane proteins, particularly those associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Additionally, sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate exhibits neuroprotective properties, making it useful in various research applications related to inflammation and neurobiology.
  25. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Cannflavin A is a natural flavonoid extracted from Cannabis sativa L., primarily functioning as an anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits significant anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties, inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation and demonstrating activity against kynurenine-3-monooxygenase with an IC50 of 29.4 μM. Cannflavin A promotes apoptosis through caspase-3 cleavage and effectively reduces inflammation by targeting pro-inflammatory enzymes such as prostaglandin E2 and cytochrome c oxidases I and II in PC12 cell line studies. This compound is valuable for research related to inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
  26. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Aloesone is a phenolic compound that serves as an anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of nitric oxide (NO), M1 polarization, and apoptosis in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and oxidative stress.
  27. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    [D-Leu-4]-OB3 is an anti-inflammatory agent that selectively inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory, proliferative, and metastatic genes while downregulating PD-L1 expression. Additionally, it promotes the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, contributing to its potential in cancer research. This compound is valuable for studies focused on inflammatory responses and cancer progression.
  28. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride is a naturally occurring anthocyanin recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound effectively inhibits the release of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and demonstrates the ability to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet rat models. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride is extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and serves as a valuable tool for studying inflammation-related biological processes.
  29. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    L-Ornithine 2-oxoglutarate primarily functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. This compound, a salt of amino acids, exhibits antioxidant properties and plays a role in stimulating insulin and growth hormone production. Additionally, L-Ornithine 2-oxoglutarate enhances intracellular amino acid transport, thereby promoting protein synthesis. It is suited for research applications focusing on metabolic disorders, inflammation, and muscle physiology.
  30. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    IGF-I (30-41) is a fragment of Insulin-like Growth Factor I comprising amino acids 30 to 41, primarily targeting anti-inflammatory pathways. This peptide exhibits significant biological activities, including anabolic, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects. It is utilized in research applications aimed at understanding inflammation and related pathophysiological conditions.
  31. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Cinnamtannin D1 is a polyphenolic compound recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, primarily through its immunosuppressive effects. It modulates the Th17/Treg balance by inhibiting AHR expression, subsequently downregulating p-STAT3/RORγt and promoting Treg differentiation via p-STAT5/Foxp3. Cinnamtannin D1 has demonstrated significant protective effects against apoptosis and oxidative stress in INS-1 cells and primary murine islets exposed to palmitic acid. Its efficacy in the collagen-induced arthritis model underscores its potential for research in rheumatoid arthritis.
  32. Anti-inflammatory/Anticancer/Neuroprotective Agent

    5-OH-HxMF is a hydroxylated polymethoxyflavone that exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Additionally, it demonstrates neuroprotective and neurotrophic activities, making it a valuable reagent for research in inflammation, cancer biology, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its multifaceted biological effects support its use in studies aimed at understanding and developing therapies for various pathologies.
  33. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Picrasidine I is a dimeric alkaloid known for its anti-inflammatory properties, primarily acting through the modulation of key signaling pathways. It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by downregulating the ERK and Akt pathways. Additionally, Picrasidine I inhibits the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB, reduces reactive oxygen species generation, and suppresses the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and osteoclastogenesis.
  34. Anti-inflammatory Agent/Anticancer Agent

    Cryptolepine is a multi-potent alkaloid that serves as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. It functions primarily as an inhibitor of c-Myc, mTOR, NF-κB, HIF-1, and MAPK while activating AMPKα1/2, leading to various biological effects including DNA intercalation and inhibition of topoisomerase II. These activities result in disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Cryptolepine shows promise in research applications focusing on tumors such as melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as in studies related to malaria, inflammatory diseases, and diabetes.
  35. Anti-Inflammatory Compounds

    Anti-inflammatory agent 47 is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound that targets inflammatory pathways. It inhibits the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), thereby suppressing neuronal apoptosis through the modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling cascades. This compound is applicable in research focused on neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's Disease (PD).
  36. Anticancer/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Perezone is a sesquiterpenoid benzoquinone derived from the roots of Acourtia species, acting as an anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cell line K-562 and human glioma cell line U-251, with an IC50 of 6.83 μM. Furthermore, Perezone upregulates the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including caspase 3, 8, and 9, while also exhibiting significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is of interest in cancer research and potential therapeutic applications.
  37. Antitumor/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Antitumor agent-56 is a triptolide derivative that functions primarily as an antitumor and anti-inflammatory agent. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on melanoma proliferation while also exhibiting nitric oxide release activities. Antitumor agent-56 is suitable for various research applications in cancer biology and therapeutic development.
  38. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by targeting the hydrophobic pocket of MD2, effectively inhibiting the dimerization of TLR4. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by suppressing LPS-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and attenuating the inflammatory response through downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, including MyD88, p-IRAK4, and NF-κB. Additionally, 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone serves as an effective UV absorber, enhancing its utility in research on oxidative stress and inflammation.
  39. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Regaloside C is an anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging ABTS and DPPH free radicals. It targets multiple molecular pathways, including TNF-α, MMP-2, ERα, AKT1, TLR4, and HSP90-α. This compound is relevant for research focused on inflammatory diseases and may provide insights into therapeutic approaches for managing chronic inflammation.
  40. Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Pinus pinaster bark extract serves as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This extract demonstrates neuroprotective effects by enhancing the activity of toll-like receptors (TLR), leading to increased production of interleukin-10 (IL-10). It is utilized in research applications focused on inflammatory responses and neurodegenerative diseases, making it a valuable tool for understanding cellular protection mechanisms.
  41. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    4-Methoxylonchocarpin is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that primarily targets Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). This compound effectively inhibits the binding of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to TLR4, leading to the suppression of NF-κB activation and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-6. Additionally, 4-Methoxylonchocarpin reduces the phosphorylation of TGF-beta activated kinase 1 and mitigates the expression of IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mouse model, demonstrating its potential in anti-inflammatory research applications.
  42. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Chlojaponilactone B is a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound functions by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and downregulation of the NF-κB pathway. Consequently, it reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Chlojaponilactone B is a valuable tool for research into inflammation and related pathways.
  43. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Ganglioside GD1a functions as an anti-inflammatory agent by modulating the toxic effects induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It prevents the translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts, thereby reducing LPS-induced cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species. Ganglioside GD1a is valuable for research applications focused on inflammatory signaling and cellular response mechanisms.
  44. Inflammatory Corpuscles Inhibitor

    JC2-11 is an inhibitor of inflammatory corpuscles that targets domain-containing proteins NLRC4 and AIM2, as well as non-canonical inflammatory pathways. This compound is effective in reducing the secretion of caspase-1 (p20) and the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to decreased release of IL-1β and lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) from inflammatory bodies. JC2-11 also disrupts the activation of inflammatory corpuscles by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and caspase-1 activity, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammation and related diseases.
  45. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Maresin 2 is a pro-resolving mediator derived from human macrophages, primarily acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. This compound belongs to the maresin family of lipid mediators, biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Maresin 2 plays a crucial role in tissue inflammation resolution and has potential applications in research focused on inflammatory diseases and regenerative medicine.
  46. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    NLRP3-IN-72 is a benzimidazole derivative that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent by specifically targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. It demonstrates significant biological activity with an IC50 of 0.3 μM for inhibiting NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion, a PD50 of 0.4 μM for protecting against pyroptosis, and an EC50 of 0.6 μM for the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These properties make NLRP3-IN-72 a valuable tool for research into inflammatory processes and potential therapeutic interventions.
  47. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Macarangin is an anti-inflammatory agent isolated from propolis. It exhibits significant DPPH radical-scavenging activity and demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on inflammation pathways and oxidative stress.
  48. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Sulindac sodium is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that exerts its effects through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to decreased prostaglandin synthesis. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, making it valuable for investigating conditions such as arthritis, gout, and various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer. Its diverse mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications contribute to its utility in cancer and inflammation research.
  49. Inflammatory Cytokine Inhibitor

    JTE-607 is a selective inhibitor targeting the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 3 (CPSF3), demonstrating potent suppression of inflammatory cytokine synthesis. This compound effectively reduces the production of key inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IC50 values of 11, 5.9, 8.8, 7.3, and 9.1 nM, respectively. JTE-607 is utilized in research applications focused on understanding and mitigating inflammatory responses and endotoxin shock.
  50. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate is a glucocorticoid steroid that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, exhibiting significant immunomodulatory properties. It effectively inhibits the bioactivity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) with IC50 values of 6.7 μM and 21.4 μM, respectively. This compound is applicable in research focused on ulcerative colitis and recurrent oral ulcers, providing a valuable tool for studying inflammatory conditions and potential therapeutic interventions.

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