- Cat. No.
- A12373
Z-VAD-FMK
Synonyms: Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK
Z-VAD-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. Inhibits caspase processing and apoptosis induction in tumor cells in vitro (IC50 = 0.0015 - 5.8 mM). Active in vivo.
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Assay controls and cell stimulation reagents give defined responses that anchor cell-based experiments. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) with ionomycin activates T cells, and brefeldin A or monensin retain cytokines for intracellular staining. Staurosporine induces apoptosis, which the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocks, while erastin and RSL3 trigger ferroptosis and ferrostatin-1 prevents it. Mitochondrial stress tests combine oligomycin, FCCP and rotenone, and tunicamycin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine block autophagic flux at the lysosome, a standard control in autophagy assays. Nocodazole, thymidine and RO-3306 arrest cells at defined cell cycle stages for synchronization.
Synonyms: Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK
Z-VAD-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. Inhibits caspase processing and apoptosis induction in tumor cells in vitro (IC50 = 0.0015 - 5.8 mM). Active in vivo.
Synonyms: Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-CHO; Z-LLL-CHO
MG-132 is a potent cell-permeable inhibitor of proteasome (IC50 = 100 nM) and calpain (IC50 = 1.2 μM).
Synonyms: Actidione
Cycloheximide (also known as actidione) is used as an selective antibiotic. It inhibits the protein synthesis (DNA-dependent RNA) of saprobic fungi eukaryotes. by binding with the 80S ribosome, while inactive against dermatophytes and systemic fungi.
Synonyms: Fer1
Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) is a potent and selective inhibitor of ferroptosis with EC50 of 60 nM.
Actinomycin D is a metabolite isolated from Streptomyces parvulus that binds to the GpC steps of DNA. The compound acts as an antibiotic and is more effective against gram-positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria.
Synonyms: 1S,3R-RSL3
RSL3 is a ferroptosis activator in a VDAC-independent manner,exhibiting selectivity for tumor cells bearing oncogenic RAS.
Erastin is a cell-permeable piperazinyl-quinazolinone compound that exhibits oncogene-selective lethality in cells with H-Ras mutations.
Synonyms: PD0332991
Palbociclib is an orally available pyridopyrimidine-derived cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity.
PD 0332991 HCl is an orally available pyridopyrimidine-derived cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity.
Synonyms: AM-2282; STS
Staurosporine is a natural product originally isolated in 1977 from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus. The main biological activity of staurosporine is the inhibition of protein kinases through the prevention of ATP binding to the kinase. This is achieved through the stronger affinity of staurosporine to the ATP-binding site on the kinase.
Ro 3306 is an ATP-competitive, potent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 1 inhibitor (Ki values are 35 and 110 nM for cdk1/cyclin B1 and cdk1/cyclin A respectively).
Chloroquine phosphate is a 4-aminoquinoline anti-malarial and anti-rheumatoid agent, also acting as an ATM activator.
Oligomycin A is a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Oligomycin A inhibits ATP5 (mitochondrial ATPases, F1F0) bound to the cell membrane.
Necrostatin-1 is an ATP-competitive, allosteric inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) (EC50 = 182 nM).
Colchicine is an inhibitor of microtubules by specific binding to tubulin.
Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells.
Nocodazole is a microtubule inhibitor; inhibits mitosis. Also inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Synonyms: TPA; Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate is a diester of phorbol and is a tumor promoting compound extracted from croton oil. It is a reversible, highly potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator in vitro and in vivo at nM concentrations.
Synonyms: Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone
CCCP is an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler. CCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.
Synonyms: Sodium Nigericin
Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that works by acting as an H+, K+, and Pb2+ ionophore, a NLRP3 activator.
Synonyms: Hydrea; Biosupressin; Hydroxycarbamide
Hydroxyurea (Cytodrox) is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.
Monensin sodium is an ionophore and inhibitor of autophagy commercially used in livestock feed. It inhibits autophagy, interfering with the fusion of the autophagosome and the lysosome.
Rotenone is an mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
Brefeldin A blocks binding of ADP-ribosylation factor to the Golgi apparatus and inhibits GDP-GTP exchange.
Synonyms: Adenosine-5'-triphosphate
ATP (Adenosine-Triphosphate) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.