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Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators act on S1PR1 to S1PR5, five G protein-coupled lipid receptors. In 1998 S1P was identified as a ligand of the orphan receptor endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG-1), now called S1PR1. FTY720 (fingolimod) was shown in 2002 to be phosphorylated in vivo and to act on four of the five S1P receptors. Two years later, lymphocyte egress from thymus and lymph nodes was found to depend on S1PR1. Ozanimod, BAF312 and ponesimod are further S1PR1-directed modulators, CYM 5442 HCl is a selective S1PR1 agonist and TY-52156 blocks S1PR3. Opaganib inhibits sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) and so limits S1P synthesis upstream of the receptors.
Synonyms: Siponimod
BAF312 is a next-generation potent sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, selective for S1P1 and S1P5.
KRP-203 is a selective Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist. It shows to reduce peripheral lymphocyte infiltration and to prolong survival in rat transplant models.
Synonyms: CYM5442
CYM 5442 HCl is a potent and selective EDG-1 (S1P1) agonist in vitro (EC50 = 1.35 nM).
ASP1126 is a selective and orally active sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) agonist, with EC50 values of 7.12 nM, 517 nM for hS1P1 and hS1P3, respectively.
ASP-4058 is a next-generation, selective and oral bioactive agonist for Sphingosine 1-Phosphate receptors 1 and 5 (S1P1 and S1P5), ameliorates rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a favorable safety profile.
S1p receptor agonist 1 is an S1P receptor agonist extracted from patent WO 2015039587 A1, compound example 2.
Synonyms: ML249
CYM-5541 (ML249) is an selective and allosteric S1P3 receptor agonist with an EC50 between 72 and 132 nM.
GSK2018682 is an agonist for S1P1 and S1P5 receptor with pEC50s of 7.7 and 7.2, respectively, and has no agonist activity towards human S1P2, S1P3, or S1P4. GSK2018682 is used in the research of multiple sclerosis.
Synonyms: ACT-334441
Cenerimod (ACT-334441) is a potent and orally available sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 receptor (S1P1) agonist extracted from patent WO 2016184939 A1 and WO 2011007324 A1, example 1, with an EC50 of 2.7 nM.
Synonyms: (S)-FTY720P; (S)-FTY720 phosphate
FTY720 (S)-Phosphate is an agonist of S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1), used in the research of acute inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury.
Synonyms: ML248
CYM50308 (ML248) is a potent, selective and high affinity sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1P4-R) agonist with an EC50 of 56 nM.
SEW2871 is a potent and highly selective agonist of the sphingosine-1-phosphate type 1 receptor (S1P1), exhibiting an EC50 of 13.8 nM. This compound activates critical signaling pathways, including ERK, Akt, and Rac, and facilitates S1P1 internalization and recycling. SEW2871 effectively reduces lymphocyte populations in the bloodstream and shows promise for the study of various conditions, such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, liver fibrosis, and inflammatory responses.
(S)-FTY-720 Vinylphosphonate is a chiral phosphonate analogue of Fingolimod that functions as an S1P1 receptor agonist. It demonstrates significant biological activity, activating the S1P1 receptor with an EC50 of 75 nM and effectively inhibiting Camptothecin-induced apoptosis in IEC-6 cells. This reagent is relevant for research into autoimmune diseases, providing insights into therapeutic mechanisms and potential interventions.
Synonyms: S1P
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) functions as an agonist of S1P1-5 receptors and acts as a ligand for GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12. It serves as an intracellular second messenger, promoting calcium mobilization and influencing various cellular processes. As a key lipid mediator derived from sphingomyelin and other membrane phospholipids, Sphingosine-1-phosphate plays a crucial role in stimulating DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and migration, making it valuable for studies in cell signaling and cell biology research.
(S)-PF-462991 is a selective agonist of the S1P1 and S1P5 receptors. It exhibits key biological activity by modulating sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling pathways, which are crucial for immune cell trafficking and vascular integrity. This compound is primarily utilized in research to investigate its effects on inflammation, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular health.
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CYM-5520 is a selective allosteric agonist of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), exhibiting an EC50 of 480 nM. It specifically activates S1PR2 without influencing S1PR1, S1PR3, S1PR4, and S1PR5. CYM-5520’s unique mechanism allows for co-binding with sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) at the S1PR2 site. This compound is valuable for research applications related to osteoporosis and the modulation of related signaling pathways.
Synonyms: S1P1 agonist 3
SAR247799 is a selective S1P1 agonist that acts through G-protein-biased signaling. It exhibits oral bioactivity with EC50 values ranging from 12.6 to 493 nM in S1P1-overexpressing cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This compound is valuable for research into endothelial protection mechanisms, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Synonyms: FTY720 phosphate
Fingolimod phosphate is an orally active sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist. This compound is known to enhance the neuroprotective activities of microglia, making it a valuable tool in the study of neuroinflammation. Fingolimod phosphate is primarily used in research related to multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders.
CYM-5478 is a potent and highly selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) agonist, demonstrating an EC50 of 119 nM in TGFα shedding assays. This compound exhibits significant protective effects on neural-derived cell lines against Cisplatin-induced toxicity. Its applications include investigating the role of S1P2 in neural cell protection and exploring potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity.
RP101988 is a potent and selective agonist of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), exhibiting an EC50 of 0.19 nM for S1PR1. Additionally, it demonstrates moderate activity at S1PR5 with an EC50 of 32.8 nM. This compound is valuable for research into immune modulation and inflammation pathways, making it a useful tool for studying S1PR1-related physiological processes and potential therapeutic applications.
CYM50260 is a highly selective agonist for the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1P4-R), exhibiting an EC50 value of 45 nM. This compound demonstrates no activity against other S1P receptors, including S1P1-R, S1P2-R, S1P3-R, and S1P5-R. CYM50260 is primarily utilized in research applications focused on immune regulation and modulation of signal transduction pathways involving the S1P4 receptor.
A-971432 is a selective agonist for the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5), exhibiting IC50 values of 0.006 μM for S1P5, and demonstrating significantly lower activity for S1P1 and S1P3. This compound has shown efficacy in preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and has potential therapeutic effects in reversing age-related cognitive decline. A-971432 is a valuable tool for research applications related to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
CYM50179 is a selective agonist of the Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1P4-R), exhibiting a potency with an EC50 of 46 nM. This compound has notable biological activity in modulating immune responses and is utilized in research applications related to immunology and neurobiology. Its ability to selectively activate S1P4-R makes it a valuable tool for studying receptor signaling pathways and related physiological processes.
RP-001 hydrochloride is a potent and selective agonist of the S1P1 receptor, exhibiting a remarkable EC50 of 9 pM. This compound promotes the internalization and polyubiquitination of S1P1, making it valuable for studies in cell signaling and receptor regulation. RP-001 hydrochloride shows minimal activity on S1P2-S1P4 receptors and moderate affinity for S1P5, thereby enabling focused investigations on S1P1-mediated pathways in various biological contexts.
CS-2100 is a potent and selective S1P1 agonist, demonstrating an EC50 of 4.0 nM for human S1P1 while sparing S1P3. This compound has shown in vivo immunosuppressive efficacy in rat models, with an ID50 of 0.407 mg/kg for HvGR. CS-2100 is suitable for research applications focused on immunomodulation and the investigation of S1P1 signaling pathways.
