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factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor
Edoxaban(DU-176) is an oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in clinical development for stroke prevention.- Magdolna Nagy, .et al. , Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 2026, Feb 2;10(2):103375 PMID: 41953708
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Hsp90 inhibitor
17-DMAG is a water-soluble analog of 17-AAG and geldanamycin that binds the ATP binding site of Hsp90 and inhibits its chaperone activity. Displays more potent antitumor activity than 17-AAG.- Majid Momeny, .et al. , EMBO Mol Med, 2024, Jun 17 PMID: 38886591
- Yool Lee, .et al. , Sci Adv, 2021, 7 PMID: 33579708
- Naoki Shiraishi, .et al. , Oncol Rep, 2020, 448-458 PMID: 33416122
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VDAC inhibitor
Erastin is a cell-permeable piperazinyl-quinazolinone compound that exhibits oncogene-selective lethality in cells with H-Ras mutations.- Mao Yang, .et al. , Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2025, Sep 5:784:152599 PMID: 40972362
- Xuejie Huan, .et al. , Neurosci Bull, 2024, Dec 12 PMID: 39666195
- Filiz Bakar-Ates, .et al. , Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2024, Oct 11 PMID: 39392483
- Filiz Bakar-Ates, .et al. , Toxicol In Vitro, 2024, Feb:94:105732 PMID: 37956772
- Sureya Nijiati, .et al. , Mol Pharm, 2023, Oct 2;20(10):5185-5194 PMID: 37711135
- Erva Ozkan, .et al. , Life Sci, 2023, Jan 1;312:121222 PMID: 36442526
- Yuki Shibata, .et al. , Biochem Biophys Rep, 2021, Feb 24;26 PMID: 33681481
- Shibata Y, .et al. , PLoS One, 2019, Dec 4;14(12):e0225931 PMID: 31800616
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Cathepsin B inhibitor
CA-074 methyl ester is a cell-permeable analog of CA-074 that acts as an irreversible cathepsin B inhibitor. CA-074 methyl ester is reported to inhibit bone resorption in rodent models and shown to inhibit B16 melanoma cell invasion in vitro.- Maohuan Ran, .et al. , Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2026, May:316:120163 PMID: 42013791
- Qian Chu, .et al. , Food Chem Toxicol, 2021, Jan;147:111867 PMID: 33217525
- Ye Tao, .et al. , Chemosphere, 2020, Mar;242:124959 PMID: 31669990
- Ming Sun, .et al. , J Agric Food Chem, 2018, Nov 21;66(46):12376-12384 PMID: 30392375
- Xueyan Wu, .et al. , Food Chem Toxicol, 2017, Aug;106(Pt A):273-282 PMID: 28579546
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HSP90 Inhibitor
HSP990 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity.- Michael Heider, .et al. , Mol Cell, 2021, Mar 18;81(6):1170-1186 PMID: 33571422
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Hsp90 inhibitor
SNX-2112 is a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor with anticancer properties currently in clinical trials. SNX-2112 induced autophagy in a time- and dose-dependent manner via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K inhibition. SNX-2112 induces significant apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A-375 cells, and may be an effective targeted therapy agent
- Michael Heider, .et al. , Mol Cell, 2021, Mar 18;81(6):1170-1186 PMID: 33571422
- Hiroki Murano, .et al. , Plant Biotechnol Rep, 2017, 11:107-113
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Hsp90 Inhibitor
PU-H71 is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor (IC50 = 50 nM).- Michael Heider, .et al. , Mol Cell, 2021, Mar 18;81(6):1170-1186 PMID: 33571422
- Kale S, .et al. , Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2019, Sep 14 PMID: 31522240
- Hiroki Murano, .et al. , Plant Biotechnol Rep, 2017, 11:107-113
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SCD inhibitor
MK-8245 is a Liver-Targeted Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Inhibitor. MK-8245 is useful for the Treatment of Diabetes and Dyslipidemia.- Miyayama Y, .et al. , Microbiol Immunol, 2019, Dec 19 PMID: 31854467
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Hsp70 inhibitor
JG-98, an allosteric heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) inhibitor, which binds tightly to a conserved site on Hsp70 and disrupts the Hsp70-Bag3 interaction. JG-98 shows anti-cancer activities affecting both cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages.- Mizuho Nosaka, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2023, Dec 16;13(1):22416 PMID: 38104135
- Siu Hong Dexter Wong, .et al. , Sci Adv, 2023, Jul 7;9(27):eadg9593 PMID: 37418519
- Shivani Patel, .et al. , iScience, 2022, Apr 22;25(5):104282 PMID: 35573186
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IDH2 inhibitor
Enasidenib is a potent and selective IDH2 inhibitor with potential anticancer activity (IDH2 = Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2).- Mohammed NadimSardoiwala, .et al. , Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2021, Dec 24 PMID: 35527145
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Hsp90 inhibitor
MPC-3100 is an orally bioavailable, synthetic, second-generation small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity.- Nazan Goksen Tosun, .et al. , Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2023, Nov 2 PMID: 37917369
- Hiroki Murano, .et al. , Plant Biotechnol Rep, 2017, 11:107-113
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HSP90 inhibitor
BIIB021 is an oral fully synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor that selectively and potently inhibits the molecular chaperone Hsp90 thereby inhibiting the proper assembly of multiple oncogenic proteins involved in tumor growth and survival.- Nazan Gökşen Tosun, .et al. , Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2025, Apr;210(2):493-506 PMID: 39779635
- Aydemir Asdemir, .et al. , Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol ., 2024, Jan 19 PMID: 38240781
- Celia Rouges, .et al. , Microorganisms, 2023, Nov 22;11(12):2837 PMID: 38137982
- C M Güven, .et al. , Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2023, Aug;27(15):7299-7308 PMID: 37606138
- Vijaya Bharti, .et al. , Cell Rep, 2022, Dec 20;41(12):111826 PMID: 36543138
- Ting-Yu Chang, .et al. , Biomed Pharmacother, 2021, Jun;138:111485 PMID: 33740521
- Hiroki Murano, .et al. , Plant Biotechnol Rep, 2017, 11:107-113
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GPX4 inhibitor
ML-210??the most potent compound in the nitroisoxazole series?? is a selective covalent inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) by binding the selenocysteine residue.- Ning Li, .et al. , J Ovarian Res, 2024, Feb 23;17(1):49 PMID: 38396022
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Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
CPI-613 is a racemic mixture of the enantiomers of a synthetic alpha-lipoic lipoic acid analogue with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities.- Purna Mukherjee, .et al. , Cell Rep Med, 2026, Jun 16;7(6):102845 PMID: 42302750
- Naohisa Ichiki, .et al. , J Cancer, 2024, Feb 4;15(7):1779-1785 PMID: 38434963
- Takuji Sakuratani, .et al. , Virchows Arch, 2020, Aug 13 PMID: 32789692
- Egawa Y, .et al. , PLoS One, 2018, Jun 7;13(6):e0198940 PMID: 29879220
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COX inhibitor
Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hop, inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects.- Rachel Clark, .et al. , Mol Carcinog, 2026, Apr;65(4):508-522 PMID: 41664946
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GLUT1 Inhibitor
BAY-876 is a potent and Selective GLUT1 Inhibitor. BAY-876 showed good metabolic stability in vitro and high oral bioavailability in vivo.- Rita Paolini, .et al. , J Oral Pathol Med, 2022, Sep;51(8):679-683 PMID: 35920070
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PAI-1 inhbitor
Tiplaxtinin is a selective and orally efficacious inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with IC50 of 2.7 μM.- Saijo A, .et al. , Cancer Lett, 2018, May 1;421:17-27 PMID: 29448000
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DGAT-1 inhibitor
A 922500 is a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor (IC50 values are 7 and 24 nM at human and mouse DGAT-1 respectively).
- SIFEI HAN, .et al. , J Pharm Sci, 2016, Feb;105(2):786-796 PMID: 6540595
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COX/LOX inhibitor
Licofelone is a dual COX/LOX inhibitor, being considered as a treatment for osteoarthritis. It may reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which only inhibit COX (cyclooxygenase). Licofelone is the first drug to inhibit both.- Silke Neumann, .et al. , Front Immunol, 2016, 7: 537 PMID: 27994586
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Factor Xa inhibitor
Rivaroxaban is an oxazolidinone derivative optimized for inhibiting both free Factor Xa and Factor Xa bound in the prothrombinase complex.- Stefan Bittmann, .et al. , J Regen Biol Med, 2020, 2(2):1-3
- Daniël Verhoef, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2017, 8: 528 PMID: 28904343
- Mizuki Yamamoto, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2016, Nov; 60(11): 6532-6539 PMID: 27550352
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FPTase inhibitor
Lonafarnib (SCH 66336) is a selectively FPTase inhibitor for H-ras, K-ras-4B and N-ras with IC50 of 1.9 nM, 5.2 nM and 2.8 nM, respectively.- Stella Liong, .et al. , Mediators Inflamm, 2018, 2018: 3645386 PMID: 30402038
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MAO-B inhibitor
Quercetin inhibits many enzyme systems including tyrosine protein kinase, phospholipase A2, phosphodiesterases, mitochondrial ATPase, PI 3-kinase and protein kinase C.- Sumayyah Saeed, .et al. , Int J Mol Sci, 2025, Jan 14;26(2):654 PMID: 39859369
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Hsp90 inhibitor
Geldanamycin binds to the ATP site of Hsp90 (Kd = 1.2 μM) and inhibits its chaperone activity.- Sunayn Cheku, .et al. , Fly (Austin), 2025, Apr 25;19(1):2497565 PMID: 40277072
- Michael Heider, .et al. , Mol Cell, 2021, Mar 18;81(6):1170-1186 PMID: 33571422
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ATPase inhibitor
Oligomycin A is a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Oligomycin A inhibits ATP5 (mitochondrial ATPases, F1F0) bound to the cell membrane.- Suzanna H Harrison, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2025, Nov 25;16(1):11018 PMID: 41290674
- Makoto Kawatani, .et al. , ACS Chem Biol, 2021, 16, 8, 1576-1586 PMID: 34296611
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Cathepsin B inhibitor
CA-074 is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B with a Ki of 2 to 5 nM.- Tianming Qiu, .et al. , Cell Death Dis, 2018, Oct; 9(10): 946 PMID: 30237538
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Hydroxylase Inhibitor
Ro 61-8048 is a potent and competitive kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibitor (Ki = 4.8 nM, IC50 = 37 nM).- Tianxing Ying, .et al. , Cancers (Basel), 2022, Dec 30;15(1):243 PMID: 36612238
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CYP17 inhibitor
Alizarin is novelly used as a staining agent in biological research because it stains free calcium and certain calcium compounds a red or light purple color.- Tianxing Ying, .et al. , Cancers (Basel), 2022, Dec 30;15(1):243 PMID: 36612238
- Ryota Kitakami, .et al. , Bioorg Med Chem, 2021, Jun 26;44:116292 PMID: 34225167
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factor Xa inhibitor
Otamixaban(FXV 673) is an intravenous direct factor Xa inhibitor.- Tim Hempel, .et al. , Chemical Science, 2021, 12, 12600-12609 PMID: 34703545
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PDE4 Inhibitor
Apremilast, a novel PDE4 inhibitor, inhibits spontaneous production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha from human rheumatoid synovial cells and ameliorates experimental arthritis.- Tomoaki Higuchi, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2023, Nov 8;13(1):19378 PMID: 37938601
- Higuchi T, .et al. , Research Square, 2023, Mar 02
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Cytochrome P450 inhibitor
Metyrapone is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450-mediated ω/ω-1 hydroxylase activity and CYP11B1.- Vera-Chang MN, .et al. , Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2018, Dec 10. pii: 201811695 PMID: 30530669
- Tea J, .et al. , J Exp Biol, 2018, Dec 10. pii: jeb.194894 PMID: 30530837
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FASN Inhibitor
C 75 is an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS) reducing food intake and body weight in mice.- Vijaya Bharti, .et al. , Cell Rep, 2022, Dec 20;41(12):111826 PMID: 36543138
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Topoisomerase IV inhibitor
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline, interfering with the bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibiting the DNA synthesis, and preventing bacterial cell growth.- Viktoria Lazar, .et al. , Nature, 2022, 610: 540-546 PMID: 36198788
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Lipoxygenase Inhibitor
Baicalein is a flavonoid originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalein inhibits lipid peroxidation, as assessed by production of TBARS, with an IC50 value of 5 µM.
- Wafa Naji Shnaikat, .et al. , Iraqi J Pharm Sci, 2023, 31(Suppl.):92-99
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Pitavastatin Calcium is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme HMGCR (HMG-CoA reductase) results in a reduction in LDL cholesterol synthesis.- Weizhen Chen, .et al. , Biomaterials, 2021, 280:121260 PMID: 34823885
- Karis Tutuska, .et al. , Cell Death Dis, 2020, Apr; 11(4): 274 PMID: 32332697
- D Jarmuzek, .et al. , J Photochem Photobiol A Chem, 2019, November
- Marwan Ibrahim Abdullah, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 8090 PMID: 28808351
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FTase inhibitor
Tipifarnib (Zarnestra) is a farnesyltransferase inhibitor that inhibits the Ras kinase in a post translational modification step before the kinase pathway becomes hyperactive.- Xiaoming Liu, .et al. , J Immunother Cancer, 2022, Apr;10(4):e004399 PMID: 35483745
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PFKFB3 inhibitor
3PO is a PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) inhibitor.- Xiaoxiao Huang, .et al. , Ren Fail, 2023, Dec;45(1):2230318 PMID: 37427767
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HnsPLA inhibitor
LY315920 (Varespladib) is an inhibitor of the IIa, V, and X isoforms of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2).- Yap WH, .et al. , Mol Cell Biochem, 2018, Oct;447(1-2):93-101 PMID: 29374817
- Yamato Okita, .et al. , Infect Immun, 2016, Feb; 84(2): 573-579 PMID: 26644377
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plasminogen activator inhibitor
TM5275 sodium is a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) with an IC50 of 6.95 μM.- Yapeng Hou, .et al. , Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2022, 1;323(5):L569-L577 PMID: 36193902
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LDH inhibitor
Sodium oxamate (SO, Aminooxoacetic acid, Oxamic acid) is an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that specificly inhibits LDH?A.- Yingying Chen, .et al. , Immunology, 2024, Jun;172(2):252-268 PMID: 38424694
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CRM1 inhibitor
KPT-330 inhibitor of CRM1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export has selective anti-leukaemic activity in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia.- Yingying Gao, .et al. , Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2025, Oct 1;329(4):F496-F509 PMID: 40897473
- Suhyun Lee, .et al. , Pharmaceutics, 2025, Jul 16;17(7):919 PMID: 40733127
- Youjin Na, .et al. , Oncogene, 2023, Mar;42(13):1038-1047 PMID: 36759572
- Chie Ishikawa, .et al. , Invest New Drugs, 2022, Aug;40(4):718-727 PMID: 35477814
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PDE5 inhibitor
Sildenafil, one of the selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors(IC50= 5.22 nM), is considered the best treatment for erectile dysfunction.- Yizhu Yao, .et al. , Phytomedicine, 2024, Nov:134:155976 PMID: 39265445
- Michel R. Corboz, .et al. , Eur J Pharmacol, 2022, 916: 174484 PMID: 34508752
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HSP90 inhibitor
17-AAG is an ansamycin antibiotic which acts as an anti-tumor agent. Specifically, 17-AAG binds and inhibits Hsp90.- Yool Lee, .et al. , Sci Adv, 2021, 7 PMID: 33579708
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CYP17 inhibitor
Avasimibe (CI-1011) is an orally bioavailable Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol O-Acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor.- Yuyan Zhu, .et al. , Metabolism, 2021, Oct;123:154861 PMID: 34371065
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PTEN Inhibitor
Shikonin, a component of chinese herbal medicine, inhibits chemokine receptor function and suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1.- Zheng Zhou, .et al. , Int J Biol Sci, 2025, Oct 1;21(14):6373-6388 PMID: 41208879
- Yang J, .et al. , Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, Sep;93:1343-1357 PMID: 28753907
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HSP90 inhibitor
Debio 0932 is a novel heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor with strong affinity for HSP90 alpha/beta, high oral bioavailability and potent anti-proliferative activity against a broad range of cancer cell lines (with a mean IC50 of 220 nmol/L), including many non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines which are resistant to standard-of-care (SOC) agents.- Özlem Kaplan, .et al. , Med Oncol, 2024, Jul 3;41(8):194 PMID: 38958814
- Aykut Ozgur, .et al. , Mol Biol Rep, 2021, Apr;48(4):3439-3449 PMID: 33999319
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HSP90 Inhibitor
XL888 is an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity.- Özlem Kaplan, .et al. , Med Oncol, 2024, Jul 3;41(8):194 PMID: 38958814
- Ozlem Kaplan, .et al. , Med Oncol, 2023, Oct 4;40(11):318 PMID: 37794195

