Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Endogenous Metabolite
Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that functions as an endogenous metabolite with notable antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to modulate cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans and exhibits inhibitory activity against various bacterial species. This compound is valuable for research in microbial interactions and the modulation of pathogenic behaviors. -
Fungal Metabolite
Colletodiol is a fungal metabolite that demonstrates immunosuppressant and antiviral activities. This compound effectively inhibits concanavalin A- or LPS-induced proliferation of isolated mouse splenocytes, with IC50 values of 12 and 5 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, Colletodiol has been shown to inhibit influenza A viral replication in HeLa-IAV-Luc cells, making it a valuable tool for research in immunology and virology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Canaline is a nonprotein amino acid primarily associated with leguminous plants. It acts as a potent and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase and exhibits cytotoxic properties. L-Canaline has demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects and inhibits the growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 value of 297 nM. This compound is valuable for research applications in cancer biology and metabolic studies involving endogenous metabolites. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Tridecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite that plays a significant role in metabolic regulation, particularly in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH). This compound serves as a potential node in the interaction network between intestinal microbiota and host metabolism. It is notably accumulated in resilient cabbage-type rapeseed varieties, indicating its involvement in plant defense mechanisms against pests such as the small cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella). Additionally, tridecanedioic acid may serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing plant insect resistance and diagnosing metabolic diseases. -
Fungal Metabolite
Paraherquamide E is a fungal metabolite derived from Penicillium charlesii, targeting nematodes and parasites. It exhibits significant antinematodal and antiparasitic activity, making it a valuable reagent for research in parasitology and agricultural science. Its biological properties can aid studies on the mechanisms of action against parasitic infections and nematode control strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Amylin (IAPP), feline is a 37-amino acid polypeptide that serves as an endogenous metabolite derived from feline sources. This regulatory peptide is primarily secreted by the β-cells of the pancreatic islets, where it plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis by inhibiting the secretion of insulin and glucagon. Its unique biological activity makes it a valuable tool for research on metabolic disorders and endocrine function in feline models. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphorylcholine, an endogenous metabolite, is a key component of many biological membranes, particularly in eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in cell signaling and immune modulation, influencing both the host and microbial interactions in the microbiome. Due to its diverse immunomodulatory properties, phosphorylcholine is valuable in research applications related to immunology, microbiology, and cell biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphorylcholine chloride is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in the formation of phospholipid membranes in eukaryotic biofilms. Found in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria, it plays a crucial role in host-microbe interactions. This compound exhibits diverse immunomodulatory effects, making it valuable for research in immunology and cellular signaling pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phenylpyruvic acid sodium is an endogenous metabolite that acts primarily as a precursor in the synthesis of 3-phenyllactic acid via lactate dehydrogenase. It exhibits notable antifungal properties, enhancing the activity of multiple lactic acid bacterial strains against fungal contaminants such as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roqueforti. Additionally, phenylpyruvic acid sodium influences enzymatic activity in the pentose phosphate pathway, notably reducing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat brain homogenates, making it a valuable reagent for research in metabolic and antifungal studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside malate is an endogenous metabolite that acts as an orally active precursor of NAD+. This compound is known to elevate NAD+ levels and activate sirtuin enzymes SIRT1 and SIRT3, playing a crucial role in enhancing oxidative metabolism. Additionally, nicotinamide riboside malate has demonstrated protective effects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets and mitigates cognitive decline in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. It serves as a valuable tool for research into metabolic health and neurodegeneration. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside tartrate serves as an orally bioavailable precursor of NAD+, primarily targeting the enhancement of NAD+ levels. It activates sirtuins SIRT1 and SIRT3, contributing to increased oxidative metabolism and protection against metabolic disturbances linked to high-fat diets. In preclinical studies, nicotinamide riboside tartrate has demonstrated potential in mitigating cognitive decline in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, underscoring its relevance in neurodegenerative research and metabolic health exploration. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-Hydroxypyrene serves as a primary endogenous metabolite and biomarker for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly pyrenes. This compound is analyzed in urine samples to assess environmental and occupational exposure. Additionally, 1-Hydroxypyrene acts as an orally active agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is implicated in various biological processes, including renal fibrosis. Its significance in toxicological studies makes it a valuable reagent for research applications. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Hexadecanedioic acid, also known as Thapsic acid, is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It inhibits IRE1α-mediated XBP1 splicing, thereby affecting flipogenesis and ferroptosis. Additionally, Hexadecanedioic acid downregulates the expression of XBP1 and Hrd1 while activating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. This compound is valuable for research into metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and related metabolic disorders. -
Fungal Metabolite
Asterriquinol D dimethyl ether is a fungal metabolite that acts as an inhibitor of cell proliferation in mouse myeloma NS-1 cell lines, exhibiting an IC50 of 28 µg/mL. Additionally, it demonstrates inhibitory effects on Tritrichomonas foetus. This compound is valuable for research applications in studying fungal metabolism and evaluating potential therapeutic agents against specific cell types and pathogens. -
Fungal Metabolite
Lachnumon is a fungal metabolite known for its nematicidal and antimicrobial properties. This compound exhibits significant biological activity against nematodes and various microbial strains, making it a valuable tool for research in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. Its unique mechanism of action offers potential insights into pest management and the development of antimicrobial agents. -
Fungal Metabolite
Ophiobolin H is a fungal metabolite derived from Aspergillus ustus, demonstrating potent inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis. This compound also induces hyperacusia in day-old chicks at doses up to 375 mg/kg. Its unique biological properties make Ophiobolin H a valuable tool in research focusing on fungal metabolites and their effects on bacterial growth and sensory responses. -
Fungal Metabolite
BE 24566B is a polyketide fungal metabolite that acts as an endothelin receptor antagonist, targeting both ETA and ETB receptors with IC50 values of 11 μM and 3.9 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. aureus, M. luteus, E. faecalis, and S. thermophilus, with reported MICs of 1.56 μg/mL for five of these species and 3.13 μg/mL for E. faecalis and S. thermophilus. BE 24566B is valuable for research applications in antimicrobial studies and receptor pharmacology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Leucyl-L-Leucine methyl ester hydrochloride is a dipeptide derivative that targets endogenous metabolites. It selectively induces apoptosis in lymphocytes with cytotoxic capabilities and can trigger stress in the endolysosomal pathway. This compound is valuable for research applications involving immune response modulation and the study of cellular stress mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is an endogenous metabolite that functions primarily as a methyl donor, facilitating the maintenance of normal DNA methylation patterns. This compound is widely distributed in various food sources, including seafood, spinach, and wheat bran, and is recognized for its role as an osmolyte, helping to regulate cellular water and ion balance. In avian species, betaine enhances resilience to heat stress by preventing dehydration and osmotic inactivation, while also promoting beneficial microbial fermentation activity in the intestines under osmotic challenges. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium is a sodium salt of an endogenous metabolite, primarily involved in energy metabolism and ketogenesis. Elevated levels of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium are associated with type I diabetes and play a role in modulating membrane lipid properties, which can influence cellular functions. This compound is useful for research applications focused on metabolic diseases and the study of energy homeostasis. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phenylacetylglutamine is an endogenous metabolite derived from the fermentation of amino acids by colonic microbiota. It plays a significant role in metabolic processes and can serve as an important biomarker in gastrointestinal research. This compound is utilized in studies examining microbial gut interactions and their influence on host metabolism. -
Endogenous Metabolite
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium is an endogenous metabolite primarily acting as a source of energy and metabolic precursor. It is produced from acetoacetic acid through the enzymatic action of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. This compound plays a vital role in cellular metabolism, serving as a nutritional source and a precursor for the synthesis of various compounds, including vitamins, antibiotics, and pheromones, making it valuable for diverse biochemical research applications. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine is an endogenous metabolite that functions as a signaling molecule, particularly induced through exercise. This compound exhibits biological activities that include the reduction of obesity and the enhancement of glucose tolerance. It offers potential applications in metabolic research and the study of exercise physiology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glycerol is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a key component in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Its ability to stabilize proteins and nucleic acids makes it essential for effective separation and analysis in various biochemical studies. Glycerol is widely utilized in molecular biology and biochemistry laboratories to enhance the resolution and integrity of electrophoretic samples. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Sphingomyelin is an endogenous metabolite and a critical sphingolipid found predominantly in eukaryotic cell membranes, particularly within the myelin sheath enveloping neuronal axons. It is essential for various cellular processes, including the regulation of inflammatory responses and signal transduction pathways. Dysregulation of sphingomyelin metabolism has been implicated in several conditions, including central nervous system diseases and Niemann-Pick disease, making it a significant target for research in neurobiology and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Mevalonic acid lithium salt is a critical endogenous metabolite in the mevalonate pathway, vital for cellular growth and proliferation. This compound effectively counteracts the inhibitive effects of Simvastatin on C2C12 cell viability in vitro. Its applications extend to research in myopathy and heart failure, making it a valuable tool for studying related metabolic processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid is the primary metabolite of serotonin, serving as an important endogenous biomarker. It is utilized in the assessment of neuroendocrine tumors, aiding in both diagnosis and monitoring of these malignancies. This compound plays a significant role in the study of serotonin metabolism and related pathophysiological conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) serves as a significant endogenous metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). MEHP is known to enhance fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes through the modulation of gene and protein expression, thereby playing a critical role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This compound is valuable for research investigating metabolic disorders, liver function, and the impact of environmental phthalates on health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound that acts as an endogenous metabolite. It demonstrates neuroprotective properties, making it valuable for research in neurobiology and the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it may play a role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby contributing to cellular protection. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphorylethanolamine, an endogenous metabolite, serves as a crucial precursor for phosphatidylcholine and is integral to membrane phospholipid composition. Its presence in various animal tissues and human tumors underscores its role in maintaining membrane integrity, facilitating cell division, and supporting mitochondrial respiratory function. Alterations in phosphorylethanolamine levels have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as influencing insulin signaling in the liver. This compound is valuable for research in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disease studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, an endogenous metabolite derived from the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid, serves as a valuable biochemical tool in research. This compound is utilized to synthesize analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin, contributing to studies on plant defense mechanisms. Additionally, Indole-3-carboxaldehyde has been shown to enhance the epithelial barrier and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in the intestinal tract, making it relevant for research in gastrointestinal health and inflammation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It serves as an important intermediate in both the glycolytic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. This compound is useful for investigating the activities of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and transaldolase. Additionally, D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium can be employed in studies related to Lewy body dementia, enhancing understanding of metabolic perturbations in this condition. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glycoursodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous metabolite and a bile acid-glycine conjugate derived from ursodeoxycholic acid. This acyl glycine plays a significant role in bile acid metabolism and modulation of gut microbiota. Research applications include investigating its potential effects on liver function, metabolic disorders, and gastrointestinal health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Riboflavin phosphate sodium, also known as flavin mononucleotide (FMN-Na), acts as an endogenous metabolite and is a derivative of riboflavin (vitamin B2), a vital nutrient for animals. This compound plays a significant role in NAD+ recycling and is utilized in research related to progressive keratoconus, corneal ectasia, and irregular astigmatism. Its biological activity makes it a valuable reagent for studies focused on visual health and metabolic processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) primarily functions as an endogenous metabolite involved in the modulation of cellular processes. It exhibits a broad range of biological activities, including neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, and reproductive toxic effects in various organisms. DEHP serves as a critical compound for research related to toxicology, environmental exposure studies, and the investigation of endocrine disruption mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Lanosterol is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in cholesterol biosynthesis. It has been shown to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of HMG CoA reductase, a key regulatory enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Additionally, lanosterol exhibits protective effects by suppressing the aggregation and cytotoxicity of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is an endogenous metabolite that serves as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It is important for cellular respiration and energy production. This compound can be utilized as a biochemical marker for the analysis of isocitrate composition in fruit products, aiding in nutritional studies and quality assessments. -
Endogenous Metabolite
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite primarily formed from acetoacetic acid via the enzymatic action of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. This compound serves significant biological functions as an energy source and plays a critical role as a precursor for various biosynthetic pathways, including the production of vitamins, antibiotics, and pheromones. Its applications are valuable in metabolic studies and nutritional research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Indole is a naturally occurring aromatic heterocyclic compound that acts as an endogenous metabolite in various biological systems. It plays a crucial role in bacterial physiology by mediating processes such as spore formation, plasmid stability, drug resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence through intercellular signaling. This compound is essential for research in microbial signaling and pathogenicity, making it valuable for studies in microbiology and infectious disease. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid recognized for its role as an endogenous metabolite. This compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity primarily through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. Its properties make it a valuable tool for investigating neurodegenerative diseases and related pathologies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) is an endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid predominantly found in the adrenal gland, brain, kidney, and vascular tissues. It plays a crucial role in regulating vascular tone in the arteries of the adrenal cortex. Additionally, Adrenic Acid has been implicated as an inflammation enhancer in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, making it a valuable compound for research in vascular biology and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite derived from polyphenols that exhibits antioxidative properties. This compound plays a significant role in cellular defense mechanisms by inducing the expression of Nrf2, a key regulator of antioxidant response. Its research applications include studying the effects of microbiota on metabolism and exploring therapeutic strategies for oxidative stress-related conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cinnamic acid is an endogenous metabolite known for its potential in cancer intervention. It exhibits significant cytotoxic effects with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 4.5 mM across various cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate, and lung carcinoma. This compound serves as a valuable research tool for investigating cancer biology and therapeutic strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
7-Ketolithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid) is an endogenous metabolite and a bile acid known for its capacity to modulate bile acid synthesis. It effectively suppresses the production of endogenous bile acids and inhibits biliary cholesterol secretion. This compound is valuable for research applications related to cholesterol metabolism and bile acid signaling pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide that serves as a signaling molecule in the mammalian nervous system. It plays a role in various biological processes, including sleep regulation and inflammatory responses. Oleamide is utilized in research to investigate its effects on neurotransmission and neuroprotection, as well as its potential therapeutic applications in sleep disorders and neuroinflammation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly within saliva and the cellular cytoplasm. This compound is significant for research into neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Lewy Body Dementia, as well as conditions related to anoxia. Its involvement in the tricarboxylic acid cycle makes it a valuable reagent for metabolic studies and related biochemical investigations. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a 20-carbon ω-6 fatty acid that primarily acts as an endogenous metabolite. It exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, making it relevant for research involving inflammation and cancer biology. DGLA has also been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mouse models, providing a valuable tool for studying cardiovascular diseases and related metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADP ribose) is an endogenous metabolite that plays a critical role in cellular signaling and regulation. It is primarily involved in the cellular response to DNA damage and the modulation of gene expression. ADP ribose serves as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and is integral to various biological processes, including cell repair and apoptosis. This compound is valuable for research applications related to DNA damage response and chromatin remodeling. -
Endogenous Metabolite
TRIA-662 (1-Methylnicotinamide chloride) is an endogenous metabolite known for its antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This compound plays a significant role in various biological processes and has potential applications in research related to thrombosis and inflammation. Its ability to modulate these pathways makes it a valuable tool for studying cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Erythro-dihydrosphingosine is a potent inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), a key enzyme involved in phospholipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. Its inhibition of cPLA2α activity makes it a valuable tool for research into lipid signaling pathways and inflammatory diseases. This endogenous metabolite can be utilized in studies aimed at understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cell membrane dynamics and associated pathophysiological conditions.
