Proteases

Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced by cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate using NADH formed during glycolysis.

delta-Valerobetaine is a precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an important interorgan metabolite, an intermediate in the pathways of l-valine and thymine and a good gluconeogenic substrate.

LysoPC(14:0/0:0) is a lysophospholipid (LyP). It is a monoglycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site.

(R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an intermediate in the pathways of l-valine and thymine and plays an important role in the diagnosis of the very rare inherited metabolic diseases 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria and methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.

3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.

2-Hydroxyadipic acid is an organic acid, formed by the reduction of 2-ketoadipic acid.

N-Acetylputrescine hydrochloride is a putrescine derivative.

Indolelactic acid is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures.

(S)-(?)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity.

2-Oxovaleric acid is a keto acid that is found in human blood.

Paullinic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as blood and urine.

3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids.

1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents.

N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate.

Argininic acid is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.

Mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway, is essential for cell growth and proliferation.

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a nucleoside diphosphate. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulating the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway.

Pseudouridine, the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs, enhances the function of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA by stabilizing RNA structure.

5,6-Dihydrouridine is a modified base found in conserved positions in the D-loop of tRNA in Bacteria, Eukaryota, and some Archaea.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-Methyl THF) is a biologically active form of folic acid. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is a methylated derivate of tetrahydrofolate. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is the predominant natural dietary folate and the principal form of folate in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.

p-Hydroxymandelic acid is a valuable aromatic fine chemical and widely used for production of pharmaceuticals and food additives.

Delta-Tocopherol is an isomer of Vitamin E.

Stearoylethanolamide is an endocannabinoid-like compound with pro-apoptotic activity.

Hydroxypyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Glycine, serine and threonine. It is a substrate for Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase and Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase.

Urocanic acid, produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber of ultraviolet radiation (UVR).

Stigmastanol is a phytosterol found in a variety of plant sources.

Glutarylcarnitine is the diagnostic metabolite for malonic aciduria and glutaric aciduria type I monitored in most tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening programmes.

3-Hydroxyvaleric acid is a 5-carbon ketone body. 3-Hydroxyvaleric acid is anaplerotic, meaning it can refill the pool of TCA cycle intermediates.

3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of norepinephrine.

10Z-Nonadecenoic acid is a kind of long-chain fatty acid with anti-tumor activity.

Ubiquinone-1 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Coenzyme Q.

5-Methoxytryptophol is a natural indole present in the pineal gland.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is a phosphatidic acid.

8-Dehydrocholesterol elevated concentration is one of the diagnostic biochemical hallmarks of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS).

trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a derivative of the amino acid lysine.

Imidazoleacetic acid is an endogenous ligand that stimulates imidazole receptors.

3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a glutaric acid derivative.

3-Methylglutaric acid is a leucine metabolite.

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal human metabolite excreted in the urine.

Tiglyl carnitine is found to be associated with celiac disease and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency.

m-Tyramine hydrobromide is an endogenous trace amine neuromodulator. m-Tyramine hydrobromide has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor.

Diethyl oxalpropionate is an intermediate for poly((R,S)-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA) derivative synthesis. PDMMLA derivative can be used in synthesis of nanoparticles and study of warfarin encapsulation and controlled release[1].

DL-Dopa is a beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine.

N-Methylhydantoin is a product of degradation of creatinine by bacteria.

2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-Hydroxybutyric acid ) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite.

(S)-b-aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine.

2, 3-Diaminopropionic acid is a metabolite of b-oxalyl-L-a, b-diaminopropionic acid a neurotoxic amino acid (ODAP).