DNA/RNA Synthesis

Cidofovir (Vistide) is an antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (ie: retinitis).

4EGI-1 is a competitive eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor by binding to eIF4E with KD of 25 uM.

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of certain infections caused by Gram-positive organisms.

Blasticidin S HCl is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Stretomyces girseochromogenes, and acts as a DNA and protein synthesis inhibitor.

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) is a newer chemotherapy drug acting by replacing one of the building blocks of nucleic acids during DNA replication in cancer cells, preventing tumor growth.

YK 4-279 is an inhibitor of RNA Helicase A (RHA) binding to the oncogenic transciption factor EWS-FLI1.

Bleomycin sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus.

CX-5461 is a first-in-class non-genotoxic small molecule targeted inhibitor of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) that activates the p53 pathway without causing DNA damage. It inhibits RNA polymerase I-driven transcription of rRNA with IC₅₀s of 142, 113, and 54 nM in HCT-116, A375, and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively

Cycloheximide (also known as actidione) is used as an selective antibiotic. It inhibits the protein synthesis (DNA-dependent RNA) of saprobic fungi eukaryotes. by binding with the 80S ribosome, while inactive against dermatophytes and systemic fungi.

Aldoxorubicin, also known as INNO-206, is the 6-maleimidocaproyl hydrazone derivative prodrug of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH) with antineoplastic activity.

AVN-944 (also known as VX-944) serves as an effective oral inhibitor, specifically targeting and inhibiting IMPDH (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase). This enzyme plays a crucial role as a rate-limiting factor in the synthesis of guanine nucleotides from scratch. Additionally, AVN-944 acts against the synthesis of RNA in arenaviruses, effectively preventing arenavirus infections. Demonstrating a wide spectrum of anti-cancer properties, AVN-944 is utilized in research related to multiple myeloma (MM) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Fluorouracil (Adrucil) is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase.

Cisplatin was the first member of a class of platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs, which now also includes carboplatin and oxaliplatin. These platinum complexes react in vivo, binding to and causing crosslinking of DNA, which ultimately triggers apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Bleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. It acts by induction of DNA strand breaks.

Bleomycin hydrochloride is an antitumor antibiotic which induces apoptosis.

Carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug used against some forms of cancer (mainly ovarian carcinoma, lung, head and neck cancers). Cisplatin and carboplatin, as well as oxaliplatin, interact with DNA, akin to the mechanism of alkylating agents.

Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a DNA synthesis inhibitor which inhibits the growth of BxPC-3, Mia Paca-2, PANC-1, PL-45 and AsPC-1 cells with IC50s of 37.6, 42.9, 92.7, 89.3 and 131.4 nM, respectively.

Azithromycin is an azalide antibiotic, which inhibits the growth of gram negative bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenza.

Clafen (Cyclophosphamide) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent. An alkylating agent adds an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to DNA. It attaches the alkyl group to the guanine base of DNA, at the number 7 nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring.

Tegafur is a chemotherapeutic 5-FU prodrug used in the treatment of cancers. It is a component of tegafur-uracil.

5-Fluorouridine is a metabolite of 5-fluorouracil with anticancer activity.

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline, interfering with the bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibiting the DNA synthesis, and preventing bacterial cell growth.

Clofarabine is a second generation purine nucleoside analog with antineoplastic activity

Epirubicin is a cell-permeable antitumor antibiotic. A stereoisomer of Doxorubicin that exhibits reduced cardiotoxicity. Epirubicin?€?s antitumor actions are mediated by targeting and inhibiting Topo II (topoisomerase II).

Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent that is used in cancer chemotherapy. In vivo studies showed that Oxaliplatin has anti-tumor activity against colon carcinoma through its (non-targeted) cytotoxic effects.

Raltitrexed (Tomudex) is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and also is one of the strongest antimetabolites in use.

Mitomycin C is a DNA crosslinking agent that inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in a variety of cells.

RK-33 is a potent and selective DDX3 inhibitor. RK-33 binds to DDX3 and abrogates its activity.

NKP-1339 (IT-139) is the first-in-class ruthenium-based anticancer drug in clinical development against solid cancer with limited side effects.

Dacarbazine is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various cancers.Dacarbazine is a member of the class of alkylating agents, which destroy cancer cells by adding an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to its DNA.

Floxuridine is an oncology drug that belongs to the class known as antimetabolites.

Fludarabine or fludarabine phosphate (Fludara) is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of hematological malignancies (cancers of blood cells such as leukemias and lymphomas) .Fludarabine inhibits DNA synthesis by interfering with ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase. It is active against both dividing and resting cells.

Ifosfamide is a cytostatic agent that is structurally related to cyclophosphamide.

Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is active against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.03, 4, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively).

Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces lincolnensis which is reported to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and is concentration dependent.

Lomustine is an alkylating nitrosourea compound that possesses antitumor activity similar to Carmustine causing DNA interstrand cross-linking.

Mercaptopurine has been shown to interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis and cause inhibition of de novo purine syntehsis.

Mizoribine is an imidazole nucleoside immunosuppressant agent that was first isolated from the mold Eupenicillium brefeldimium with antibiotic and cytotoxic effects.

Nelarabine is a purine nucleoside analog converted to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity.

Trifluridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug, used primarily on the eye. It was sold under the trade name, Viroptic, by Glaxo Wellcome, now merged into GlaxoSmithKline.

Bractoppin is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphopeptide recognition by the BRCA1 tBRCT domain.

EG1 is a specific Paired box 2 (Pax2) inhibitor that targets the DNA binding domain and inhibits embryonic kidney development.

Dovitinib-RIBOTAC TFA is a targeted RNA RIBOTAC degrader that specifically binds to and degrades pre-miR-21. This compound demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity and effectively inhibits breast cancer metastasis. It serves as a valuable tool for research involving RNA-targeted degradation and its implications in cancer biology.

7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) is a cell-impermeant fluorescent DNA stain that primarily targets and binds to GC-rich regions of DNA. This compound is often utilized in flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Additionally, 7-AAD exhibits antibacterial properties, expanding its utility in various biological research applications.

Herboxidiene (GEX1A) is a potent phytotoxic polyketide from Streptomyces sp. A7847 with a diverse range of activities, including herbicidal, anti-cholesterol, anti-tumor effects. Herboxidiene inhibits the pre-mRNA splicing process by binding to spliceosome-associated protein (SAP) 155, a subunit of SF3b, in the splicesome.

Cylindrospermopsin, a cyanotoxin, is a polycyclic uracil derivative containing guanidine and sulfate groups, which can inhibit protein synthesis and covalently modify DNA or RNA. Cylindrospermopsin induces hepatocellular hypertrophy, renal cellular hypertrophy, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA strand breaks, mitochondrial hyperpolarisation, ultrastructural damage, and altered gene expression in liver, kidney, and intestinal cells. Cylindrospermopsin can be used in research including hepatocellular carcinoma and water quality testing.

Propidium Iodide (PI) is a nuclear staining agent that stains DNA. Propidium Iodide is an analogue of ethidine bromide that emits red fluorescence upon embedding in double-stranded DNA. Propidium Iodide cannot pass through living cell membranes, but it can pass through damaged cell membranes to stain the nucleus. Propidium Iodide has a fluorescence wavelength of 493/617 nm and a wavelength of 536/635 nm after Mosaic with DNA. Propidium Iodide is commonly used in the detection of apoptosis (apoptosis) or necrosis (necrosis), and is often used in flow cytometry analysis.

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that targets bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits, effectively inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis by obstructing transpeptidation and translocation reactions. This compound demonstrates a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, making it valuable in microbiological research. Additionally, erythromycin has been shown to possess antitumor and neuroprotective properties, contributing to its usefulness in diverse areas of biomedical research.

Monobenzone is a potent skin depigmenting agent that primarily targets the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) by inhibiting its regulatory subunit, RRM2. It effectively induces depigmentation, making it a valuable compound in vitiligo research. Additionally, Monobenzone demonstrates significant anti-leukemic properties, inhibiting the proliferation and DNA synthesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These dual functionalities position Monobenzone as a critical reagent in both dermatological and oncology studies.

3,6-Diaminoacridine hemisulfate is an acridine compound that functions primarily as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and a Kir3.2 potassium channel blocker. Its mechanism involves insertion into bacterial DNA, thereby disrupting replication and transcription, which ultimately leads to bacterial lysis. Additionally, this compound is utilized in research to investigate the neurological phenotype associated with Down syndrome. Due to its ability to penetrate the stratum corneum and accumulate in the cell nucleus, prolonged exposure warrants caution due to potential oncogenic effects.