Proteases

Phosphoramidon Disodium Salt is a metalloendopeptidase inhibitor.

5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone is isolated from Kaempferia parviflora (KP) that is a famous medicinal plant from Thailand. 5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone induces apoptosis, as evidenced by increments of sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, annexin-V/PI staining, the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, proteolytic activation of caspase-3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein.5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone is significantly effective at inhibiting proliferation of SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner.

Ercalcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D2) is an active metabolite of vitamin D2.

Palmitoylcarnitine chloride is a fatty acid-derived mitochondrial substrate, and selectively decreases cell survival in colorectal and prostate cancer cells by affecting on pro-inflammatory pathways, Ca2+ influx, and DHT-like effects.

m-Tyramine is an endogenous trace amine neuromodulor. m-Tyramine has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor.

N6-Etheno 2'-deoxyadenosine is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-induced DNA oxidation product, used as a biomarker to evaluate chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation in animal or human tissues.

8-Hydroxyguanine is a major pre-mutagenic lesion generated from reactive oxygen species. It causes G-T and A-C substitutions.

1-Methyladenine is a product of alkylation damage in DNA which can be repaired by damage reversal by oxidative demethylation.

Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid is a potential neurotoxin.

Valerylcarnitine is an endogenous metabolite, belonging to the short-chain acylcarnitines.

Tetradecanoylcarnitine is a human carnitine involved in β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids.

Dodecanoylcarnitine is present in fatty acid oxidation disorders such as long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I/II deficiency, and is also associated with celiac disease.

Docosapentaenoic acid (22n-3) is a component of phospholipids found in all animal cell membranes.

3-Methyluridine is a modified nucleoside of cellular RNA.

N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is an urinary nucleoside, a primary degradation product of tRNA.

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an important interorgan metabolite, an intermediate in the pathways of l-valine and thymine and a good gluconeogenic substrate.

(R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an intermediate in the pathways of l-valine and thymine and plays an important role in the diagnosis of the very rare inherited metabolic diseases 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria and methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.

3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.

2-Hydroxyadipic acid is an organic acid, formed by the reduction of 2-ketoadipic acid.

Paullinic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as blood and urine.

Argininic acid is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway, is essential for cell growth and proliferation.

Pseudouridine, the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs, enhances the function of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA by stabilizing RNA structure.

5,6-Dihydrouridine is a modified base found in conserved positions in the D-loop of tRNA in Bacteria, Eukaryota, and some Archaea.

Imidazoleacetic acid is an endogenous ligand that stimulates imidazole receptors.

3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a glutaric acid derivative.

Tiglyl carnitine is found to be associated with celiac disease and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency.

(S)-b-aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine.

DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone (Mevalonolactone) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (???m), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling.

Diethylphosphate (DEP) is product of metabolism and of environmental degradation of a commonly used insecticide Chlorpyrifos.

2-(Methylamino)-1H-purin-6(7H)-one (N2-Methylguanine) is a modified nucleoside. 2-(Methylamino)-1H-purin-6(7H)-one is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids.

Allopurinol riboside, a metabolite of allopurinol, shows potent activities against parasites.

Oglufanide inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which may inhibit angiogenesis. This agent has also been reported to stimulate the immune response to hepatitic C virus and intracellular bacterial infections.

Acetoacetic acid sodium salt is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids, involved in the development of human diabetes. Acetoacetic acid sodium salt induces oxidative stress to inhibit the assembly of very low density lipoprotein in bovine hepatocytes.

all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs).

Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine hydrochloride activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.

Ursolic acid, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, induces the apoptosis of human cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways.

L-LEUCINE-13C6, also known as 13C6-D-Leucine or L-Leucine-1,2,3,4,5,5'-13C6, is a fully 13C labelled D-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway.