Proteasome

18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA) is a bioactive triterpenoid found in licorice. It shows selective inhibition of 11-HSD1 (11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1).

MG-262, a boronic peptide acid, is a potent proteasome inhibitor that selectively and reversibly inhibits the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome.

RA190, a bis-benzylidine piperidon, inhibits proteasome function by covalently binding to cysteine 88 of ubiquitin receptor RPN13.

ONX 0914 is an immunoproteasome inhibitor with potential treatment applications in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and lupus. ONX 0914 was designed to be a potent inhibitor of the immunoproteasome with minimal cross-reactivity for the constitutive proteasome.

Epoxomicin is a potent anti-tumor agent isolated from Actinomycetes that is used as a selective and irreversible inhibitor of the 20S proteasome.

Gliotoxin is an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains of Aspergillus and other fungi.

ONX 0912 is a tripeptide epoxyketone, which inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in MM cells resistant to conventional and bortezomib therapies.

Aclarubicin A, an anthracycline drug, specific inhibitor of the 20S proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity.

Dihydroeponemycin is an inhibitor of proteasome and antitumor reagent.

Clasto-lactacystin b-lactone was later identified as the active metabolite of lactacystin, resulting from the elimination of cysteine and the formation of a reactive b-lactone.

(R)-MG-132 ((S,R,S)-(-)-MG-132) is the enantiomer of MG-132. (R)-MG-132 is a proteasome inhibitor with weaker cell cytotoxicity than MG-132. (R)-MG-132 stereoisomer is a more potent proteasome inhibitor than MG-132.

Tomatine is an glycoalkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids.