Sodium Channels

Bupivacaine is a more potent inhibitor of cAMP production than are chemically related local anesthetics that are less prone to produce cardiovascular toxicity.

PF-04971729 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2.

Vinpocetine is a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase I (PDE1) inhibitor.

Orphenadrine citrate is a NMDA receptor antagonist with Ki of 6.0 +/- 0.7 μM, HERG potassium channel blocker.

Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate is a potent epithelial sodium channel blocker and selective low threshold (T-type) calcium channel protein inhibitor (KD=30μM).

Ibutilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for acute cardioconversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter of a recent onset to sinus rhythm. It exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by induction of slow inward sodium current, which prolongs action potential and refractory period (physiology) of myocardial cells.

Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel protein inhibitor.

Procainamide HCl is a sodium channel blocker, and also a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor.

Chloroprocaine HCl is a local anesthetic during surgical procedures.

Vernakalant Hcl is an investigational mixed ion channel blocker that can terminate acute atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans at 2 to 5 mg/kg and may be more atrial-selective than available agents; in treatment of antiarrhythmic.

PF-06869206 is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi2a (SLC34A1) with an IC50 of 380 nM.

Eleclazine, also known as GS-6615, is a selective late sodium current inhibitor. Eleclazine is potentially useful for treatment of coronary vasodilators, antiarrhythmics and vasodilators.