Mitochondrial Metabolism

Oligomycin A is a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Oligomycin A inhibits ATP5 (mitochondrial ATPases, F1F0) bound to the cell membrane.

Rotenone is an mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

LCL161 is an orally bioavailable second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic and inhibitor of IAP (Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity.

BAY 87-2243, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of hypoxia-induced gene activation has antitumor activities by inhibition of mitochondrial complex I.

Hispidulin is a natural flavone with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hispidulin is a Pim-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.71 μM.

Atractyloside is a natural heteroglucoside produced in some plants, including A. gummifera.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA; UR 906; Taurolite) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor.

α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells.

Lipoic Acid, also known as R-(+)-alpha-Lipoic acid, is an organosulfur compound derived from octanoic acid. It is made in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism. It is also manufactured and is available as a dietary supplement in some countries where it is marketed as an antioxidant, and is available as a pharmaceutical drug in other countries.

Acetomenaphthone is synthetic vitamin K which is also known as vitmin K4

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline, interfering with the bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibiting the DNA synthesis, and preventing bacterial cell growth.

p32 inhibitor M36 (M36) is a p32 mitochondrial protein inhibitor, which binds directly to p32 and inhibits p32 association with LyP-1.

MSDC-0602, a PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinedione (TZD), interacts with the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and inhibits its activity and are effective for treatment of type 2 diabetes with reducing risk of PPARγ-mediated side effects.

BAM 15 is a novel mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler.

Mito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic with superoxide and alkyl radical scavenging properties.

ER-000444793 is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. ER-000444793 inhibits mPTP with an IC50 of 2.8?μM.

Olesoxime (TRO 19622) is a mitochondrial-targeted neuroprotective compound with mean EC50 value for increasing cell survival is 3.2??0.2 ?M.

VLX600 is an iron-chelating inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).

HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a Kd of 64 nM for complex III.

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium ((S)-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium, L-2-Hydroxyglutarate disodium, LGA, L-2HG) is an epigenetic modifier and a putative oncometabolite in kidney cancer that inhibits histone demethylases and hence promotes histone methylation.