Proteases

Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is a derivative of the amino acid lysine.

3-Methylglutaric acid is a leucine metabolite.

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal human metabolite excreted in the urine.

m-Tyramine hydrobromide is an endogenous trace amine neuromodulator. m-Tyramine hydrobromide has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor.

Diethyl oxalpropionate is an intermediate for poly((R,S)-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA) derivative synthesis. PDMMLA derivative can be used in synthesis of nanoparticles and study of warfarin encapsulation and controlled release[1].

DL-Dopa is a beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine.

N-Methylhydantoin is a product of degradation of creatinine by bacteria.

2, 3-Diaminopropionic acid is a metabolite of b-oxalyl-L-a, b-diaminopropionic acid a neurotoxic amino acid (ODAP).

3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a butyric acid substituted with a hydroxyl group in the beta or 3 position.

Guanidinosuccinic acid is a nitrogenous metabolite isolated in excess from serum and urine.

Suberylglycine is an acyl glycine, which is a normally minor metabolite of fatty acid.

Cholestenone is the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol.

D-Desthiobiotin is a biotin derivative used in affinity chromatography and protein chromatography, also can be used for protein and cell labeling, detection and isolation.

Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits.

Methylmalonic acid (Methylmalonate) is an indicator of Vitamin B-12 deficiency in cancer.

Aminomalonic acid is an amino endogenous metabolite, acts as a strong inhibitor of L-asparagine synthetase from Leukemia 5178Y/AR (Ki= 0.0023 M) and mouse pancreas (Ki= 0.0015 M) in vitro.

Veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzenemethanol), a secondary metabolite of some lignin degrading fungi, is commonly used nonphenolic substrate for assaying ligninolytic activity.

Melanin is a unique pigment with myriad functions. It is multifunctional, providing defense against environmental stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) light, oxidizing agents and ionizing radiation.

N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine is a Melatonin precursor, and that it can potently activate TrkB receptor.

5α-Cholestan-3β-ol is a derivitized steroid compound, which is isolated from the testes of White Carneau pigeons.

Biocytin is a classical neuroanatomical tracer commonly used to map brain connectivity. Biocytin is used as a versatile marker in anterograde, retrograde and intracellular neuroanatomical investigations and in biotinidase assays.

γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine, composed of gamma-glutamate and alanine, is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins.

Xylan represents the main hemicellulose component in the secondary plant cell walls of flowering plants. Xylan is a polysaccharide made from units of xylose and contains predominantly β-D-xylose units linked as in cellulose.

Fosfructose (Diphosphofructose;Esafosfan;FDP) is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate for the potential treatment of cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia and asthma.

Oxythiamine, an antimetabolite and a vitamin B1 antagonist, is a well-known thiamine antagonist and inhibitor of transketolase.

(-)-(S)-Equol is a high affinity ligand for estrogen receptor β with a Ki of 0.73 nM.

Agmatine sulfate exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

Vanilpyruvic acid is a catecholamine metabolite and precursor to vanillactic acid.

Coenzyme Q9, a nine isoprenyl group-containing member of the ubiquinone family, is a normal constituent of human plasma.

Iberin is a sulforaphane homolog and antioxidant. It induces phase II enzyme activity and suppresses CDK expression, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

4-Acetamidobutanoic acid (N-acetyl GABA) is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative.

SDMA (Symmetric dimethylarginine) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity.

O-Acetylserine (O-Acetyl-L-serine) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine in bacteria and plants.

Docosatrienoic acid is a rare ??-3 fatty acid; inhibits LTB4 binding to pig neutrophil membranes with an Ki of 5 μM.

Glyoxalic acid (NSC 27785) is an organic compound that is both an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid.

DL-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride is a cyclic amino acid derivative that exhibits root-growth inhibitory activity.

Cyclo(his-pro) (Cyclo(histidyl-proline)) is an orally active cyclic dipeptide structurally related to tyreotropin-releasing hormone. Cyclo(his-pro) could inhibit NF-κB nuclear accumulation.

γ-Glu-Phe is a γ-3 glutamyl dipeptide found in sourdough.

Coproporphyrin III is a porphyrin derivative.

D-glutamic acid, an enantiomer of L- glutamic acid, is widely used in pharmaceuticals and foods.

Hypotaurine (2-aminoethanesulfinic acid), an intermediate in taurine biosynthesis from cysteine in astrocytes, is an endogenous inhibitory amino acid of the glycine receptor.

Asparagusic acid (1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid) is unique to asparagus. The compound is responsible for the odorous urine excreted after eating asparagus. Its derivatives ihydroasparagusic acid have anti-inflammatory effect.

3-Methylxanthine, a xanthine derivative, is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 920 μM on guinea-pig isolated trachealis muscle.

L-Pyroglutamic acid is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid is the biologically active enantiomer in humans. Pyroglutamic acid is an intermediate in glutathione metabolism.

Methyl vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite.

SAH is an amino acid derivative and a modulartor in several metabolic pathways. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine and adenosine. SAH is an inhibitor for METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer complex (METTL3-14) with an IC50 of 0.9 ?M.

2'-Deoxycytidine hydrochloride is composed of the purine nucleoside guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of deoxyribose.

DL-O-Phosphoserine, a normal metabolite in human biofluid, is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid.

L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid ??-ethyl amide??is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities.

Methionine (MRX-1024; D-Methionine) is an effective chemoprotective agent which can also inhibit the neuronal activity through GABAA receptor activation.