TNF-α

Lenalidomide is a derivative of thalidomide. In vitro, lenalidomide has three main activities: direct anti-tumor effect, inhibition of the micro environment support for tumor cells, and immunomodulatory role. It induces tumor cell apoptosis directly and indirectly by inhibition of bone marrow stromal cell support, by anti-angiogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic effects, and by immunomodulatory activity.

Pomalidomide is a derivative of thalidomide and acts as an immunomodulator.

Thalidomide can directly inhibit angiogenesis induced by bFGF or VEGF in vivo.

Necrostatin-1 is an ATP-competitive, allosteric inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) (EC50 = 182 nM).

GW4869 is a cell permeable, selective inhibitor of N-SMase (neutral sphingomyelinase).

KR-33493 is a potent inhibitor of Fas-mediated cell death (FAF1).

C87 is a novel small-molecule TNFα inhibitor; potently inhibits TNFα-induced cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 8.73 μM.

QNZ inhibits the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and has been used to investigate NF-κB signaling.

Ginsenoside Rc, isolated from Panax ginseng, may exert various activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and anti-diabetic effects.

Homoplantaginin is a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia plebeia with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Homoplantaginin could inhibit TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation.

Ro 08-2750 is a potent and selective Nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibitor that binds the NGF dimer (KD ~ 1 μM).

R-7050 (TNF-α Antagonist III) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) antagonist with greater selectivity toward TNFα.

Methylthiouracil is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2.

Sinensetin is a methylated flavone found in certain citrus fruits. pocess potent antiangiogenesis and anti-inflammatory, sinensetin enhances adipogenesis and lipolysis.

CPI-1189 (REN 1654, REN 1189) is the proapoptotic cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha inhibitor.