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- Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the invasive plant species Carpobrotus edulis and contributes to the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the plant
- Rashmi Rawat, .et al. , Food Chemistry Advances, 2022, 1: 100092
- Jianwei Dou, .et al. , J Sep Sci, 2020, Dec 4 PMID: 33275824
- Booker A, .et al. , Phytomedicine, 2018, Feb 1;40:158-164 PMID: 29496168
- Salicin(Salicoside, Salicine) is an alcoholic β-glycoside that contains D-glucose. Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent that is produced from willow bark. Salicin is closely related in chemical make-up to aspirin. When consumed, it is metabolized to salicylic acid.
- Salidroside (Rhodioloside) is a glucoside of tyrosol found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. It is thought to be one of the compounds responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic actions of this plant, along with rosavin.
- Sclareol is a fragrant chemical compound found in clary sage (Salvia sclarea), from which it derives its name. It is classified as a bicyclic diterpene alcohol. Sclareol is used as a fragrance in cosmetics and perfumes and as flavoring in food. Sclareol and other similar substances may be prepared from sclareolide.Sclareol is also able to kill human leukemic cells and colon cancer cells by apoptosis.
- Sclareolide (Norambreinolide) is a sesquiterpene lactone natural product .
- Sesamin is a lignan isolated from the bark of Fagara plants and from sesame oil.
- Hiroaki Watanabe, .et al. , Biol Pharm Bull, 2020, 43(4):688-692 PMID: 32238710
- Shikimic acid(Shikimate), more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms.
- Silibinin (silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarina compound extracted from the seeds of the herb milk thistle.
- Silymarin (Silibinin B) inhibits chemically induced urinary bladder tumor growth and progression possibly by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.
- Sinomenine(Cucoline) is traditionally used in herbal medicine in these countries, as a treatment for rheumatism and arthritis.
- Zheng Sun, .et al. , Drug Des Devel Ther, 2018, 12: 2413-2421 PMID: 30122899
- Sodium danshensu is a sodium salt of danshensu from the widely used Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that danshensu possessed diverse pharmacological effects, including relaxation of coronary artery, anticoagulation, protection of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and antiarrhythmia activities
- Stigmasterol, which is readily obtainable from soybean oil, can be transformed easily to progesterone and to other hormones.
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Adrenergic Receptor agonist
Synephrine (Oxedrine) is an amine compound commonly used for weight loss. - Tangeretin (Tangeritin) is an O-polymethoxylated flavone that is found in tangerine and other citrus peels. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) strengthens the cell wall and acts as a plant's defensive mechanism against disease-causing pathogens. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) also shows enormous potential as an anti cancer agent.
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Phospholipase inhibitor
Tanshinones are the major bioactive compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) roots, which are used in many therapeutic remedies in Chinese traditional medicine.- Kumar R, .et al. , Mol Biol Rep, 2018, Oct 11 PMID: 30311125
- Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is one of the major extracts obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on many diseases.
- Judith Schaf, .et al. , Cell Death Discov, 2023, May 19;9(1):172 PMID: 37202382
- Williams R, .et al. , Research Square, 2022, NOV 21
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Hydroxylase inhibitor
Tetrahydropapaverine, one of the TIQs and an analogue of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, has been reported to have neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons. -
Calcium Channel inhibitor
Tetrandrine is a calcium channel blocker. It inhibits the degranulation of mast cells.Tetrandrine has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic actions, which make tetrandrine and related compounds potentially useful in the treatment of lung silicosis, liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. - Theobromine(3,7-Dimethylxanthine) is a xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.
- Takashi Azuma, .et al. , SEP PURIF TECHNOL, 2019, Apr; 212: 483-489
- Troxerutin(Trihydroxyethylrutin) is a flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is more accurately a hydroxyethylrutoside. It can be isolated from Sophora japonica, the japanese pagoda tree.It is used as a vasoprotective.
- Ursolic acid(Malol) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, used in cosmetics, that is also capable of inhibiting various types of cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway and human fibrosarcoma cells by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by acting through the glucocorticoid receptor.
- Abouzar Karimi, .et al. , Food Bioprod Process, 2020, 124: 329-341
- Vanillylacetone is similar in chemical structure to other flavor chemicals such as vanillin and eugenol. It is used as a flavor additive in spice oils and in perfumery to introduce spicy aromas.
- Xanthone is an organic compound. It can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate. In 1939, xanthone was introduced as an insecticide and it currently finds uses as ovicide for codling moth eggs and as a larvicide. Xanthone is also used in the preparation of xanthydrol, which is used in the determination of urea levels in the blood
- Yohimbine hydrochloride (Antagonil) is a α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.52, 8.00 and 9.17 for human α2A, α2B and α2C receptors respectively)
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5-alpha reductase inhibitor
β-sitosterol reduces blood levels of cholesterol, and is sometimes used in treating hypercholesterolemia. β-Sitosterol inhibits cholesterol absorption in the intestine. When the sterol is absorbed in the intestine, it is transported by lipoproteins and incorporated into the cellular membrane. - Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars.
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Ca2+ signaling modulator
Astragaloside A is a novel regulator of HIF-1α and angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs that are exposed to hypoxia. - 10-Deacetylbaccatin-III is an intermediate for taxol analog preparations.10-Deacetylbaccine III is an antineoplastic agent and an anti-cancer intermediate.
- Walrycin B is a novel antibacterial compound specifically targeting the essential WalR response regulator.
- Paeoniflorin is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.
- Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanidin, a common plant pigment, found in pigmented fruits and vegetable.
- Schisandrin B is the most abundant dibenzocyclooctadiene isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baillon or Wu-Wei-Zi (transliterally meaning "the fruit of five tastes" in Chinese), which is a commonly used tonic herb in Chinese medicine, particularly for the treatment of liver ailments.
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Topoisomerase
(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin is a camptothecin derivative that inhibits DNA topoisomerase by enacting strand breaks in chromosomal DNA and inducing apoptosis. - Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid which has antiretroviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Gingerol, a phenolic substance and a potent cardiotonic agent isolated from the rhizome of ginger, has been shown to stimulate the Ca2+-pumping activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbits in a concentration-dependent manner.
- Ramadan A Ali, .et al. , JCI Insight, 2021, Feb 8;6(3):138385 PMID: 33373329
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PKC inhibitor
Verbascoside is isolated from Lantana camara, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC50 of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity. - Alliin is a cysteine sulfoxide constituent of garlic that is converted by alliinase to allicin, which imparts its pungent aroma and flavor.
- Amentoflavone inhibits vascularization of tumors by blocking the activity of angiogenic VEGFs.
- Asiaticoside (Madecassol) is the active chemical component of the plant Centella asiatica. Asiaticoside is used to study potential treatments for wounds and burns.