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- Silymarin (Silibinin B) inhibits chemically induced urinary bladder tumor growth and progression possibly by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.
- Sinomenine(Cucoline) is traditionally used in herbal medicine in these countries, as a treatment for rheumatism and arthritis.
- Zheng Sun, .et al. , Drug Des Devel Ther, 2018, 12: 2413-2421 PMID: 30122899
- Sophocarpine could reverse isoprenaline-induced arrhythmia and inhibit I(Na), I(CaL), and I(Kr) currents. The electrophysiological effects of sophocarpine are similar to those of amiodarone, which might be regarded as a prospective antiarrhythmic agent.
- Spectinomycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of the bacterial infection, gonorrhea.
- Stigmasterol, which is readily obtainable from soybean oil, can be transformed easily to progesterone and to other hormones.
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O-GlcNAcase inhibitor
Streptozotocin (Streptozocin, Zanosar, STZ)is used in medical research to produce an animal model for Type 1 diabetes, which directly inhibist the O-GlcNAcase activity of the enzyme NCOAT in vitro.- Zhen Liang, .et al. , Nat Metab, 2023, Jan;5(1):29-40 PMID: 36624157
- Alemayehu Toma, .et al. , J Exp Pharmacol, 2022, 14: 309-316 PMID: 36317069
- Andressa Braga, .et al. , Braz J Pharm Sci, 2022, 58: e19674
- Yuanyuan Du, .et al. , Nat Med, 2022, Feb;28(2):272-282 PMID: 35115708
- Karemah A. Alatawi, .et al. , Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021, 25 June
- D.H. Mhya, .et al. , Asian J Exp Biol Sci, 2019, 12 (2): 164-172
- Stanley I. R. Okoduwa, .et al. , J Diabetol, 2017, 8(3): 74-85
- Stanley I. R. Okoduwa, .et al. , Medicines (Basel), 2017, Dec; 4(4): 73 PMID: 29019956
- Stanley I. R. Okoduwa, .et al. , PLoS One, 2017, 12(1): e0170971 PMID: 28129400
- Stanley I. R. Okoduwa, .et al. , World J Diabetes, 2016, Dec 15; 7(20): 605-614 PMID: 28031778
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dipeptidase inhibitor
Cilastatin is a dipeptidase inhibitor that specifically inhibits DPEP1 (dehydrodipeptidase I), a renal membrane-bound glycoprotein involved in the hydrolytic metabolism of penem and carbapenem ??-lactam antibiotics. - Tangeretin (Tangeritin) is an O-polymethoxylated flavone that is found in tangerine and other citrus peels. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) strengthens the cell wall and acts as a plant's defensive mechanism against disease-causing pathogens. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) also shows enormous potential as an anti cancer agent.
- Terbinafine HCl a member of the allylamine class of antifungals, has been found to be a specific inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis via squalene epoxidase inhibition.
- Theobromine(3,7-Dimethylxanthine) is a xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.
- Takashi Azuma, .et al. , SEP PURIF TECHNOL, 2019, Apr; 212: 483-489
- Tranilast is an antiallergic drug. It reduces collagen synthesis in fibroblasts and inhibits growth of neurofibroma cells, also inhibits the production of interleukin-6 in endothelial cells.
- Troxerutin(Trihydroxyethylrutin) is a flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is more accurately a hydroxyethylrutoside. It can be isolated from Sophora japonica, the japanese pagoda tree.It is used as a vasoprotective.
- Ursolic acid(Malol) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, used in cosmetics, that is also capable of inhibiting various types of cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway and human fibrosarcoma cells by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by acting through the glucocorticoid receptor.
- Abouzar Karimi, .et al. , Food Bioprod Process, 2020, 124: 329-341
- Vanillylacetone is similar in chemical structure to other flavor chemicals such as vanillin and eugenol. It is used as a flavor additive in spice oils and in perfumery to introduce spicy aromas.
- Xanthone is an organic compound. It can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate. In 1939, xanthone was introduced as an insecticide and it currently finds uses as ovicide for codling moth eggs and as a larvicide. Xanthone is also used in the preparation of xanthydrol, which is used in the determination of urea levels in the blood
- Yohimbine hydrochloride (Antagonil) is a α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.52, 8.00 and 9.17 for human α2A, α2B and α2C receptors respectively)
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HPPD inhibitor
Nitrisinone is a competitive inhibitor that reversibly inhibits 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (dioxygenase). -
Calcium chelator
BAPTA is a selective calcium chelator.- Keishi Ishida, .et al. , Biol Pharm Bull, 2023, 46(2):292-300 PMID: 36724957
- Folinic Acid Calcium Salt (Leucovorin) is the active form of the B complex vitamin Folate is used as an antidote to cancer treatment drugs (i.e. methotrexate) to reduce toxicity of residual drugs.
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Ribitol is a crystalline pentose alcohol formed by the reduction of ribose.
- Shuhong Mao, .et al. , J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT, 2018, 93(9): 2729-2736
- Chaetominine, a cytotoxic alkaloid produced by endophytic Chaetomium sp. IFB-E015.
- Troxacitabine is a nucleoside analogue with anticancer activity. Its use is being studied in patients with refractory lymphoproliferative diseases.
- P005672 is a phase II drug for antibacterial/anti-inflammatory acne treatment.
- Cefozopran is a fourth-generation cephalosporin. It would be effective against respiratory tract, urinary tract, and soft tissue infections caused by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in humans.
- Azafen is a tricyclic antidepressant.It acts as a potent inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin.
- Calcipotriol hydrate is the hydrate form of vitamin D3 that displays minimal effects on calcium homeostasis.
- Caspofungin is a semi-synthetic analogue of pneumocandin B0 with improved water solubility, a significant limitation in the development of the echinocandin class as pharmaceuticals.
- Collagen proline hydroxylase inhibitor-1 is an antifibroproliferative agents.
- Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars.
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Glyoxalase I inhibitor
Glyoxalase I inhibitor is a potent Glyoxalase I inhibitor, candidate for anticancer agents. -
neuromuscular blocker
Rocuronium (Org-9426) is an aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant used in modern anaesthesia. -
oxazolidinone antibacterial agent
Tedizolid (TR-701) is a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agent. -
micromolar inhibitor
Zanamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza caused by influenza A virus and influenza B virus.- Yuuki Kurebayashi, .et al. , PLoS One, 2016, 11(5): e0156400 PMID: 27232333
- Cephalomannine is an active anti-cancer agent obtained from Taxus yunnanensis and has an antineoplastic effect on tumors found in mice.
- Clindamycin palmitate HCl is a water soluble hydrochloride salt of the ester of clindamycin and palmitic acid and a lincosamide antibiotic.