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COX-2 inhibitor
Celecoxib is a sulfa non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and selective COX-2 inhibitor used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms, and to reduce numbers of colon and rectum polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
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Dihydropyrimidinase Inhibitor
Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin (flavanol); Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant with good prospects. - Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant.
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xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Febuxostat is a non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (Ki = 1.2 nM). -
mTOR inhibitor
FK-506 is an immunosuppressive drug that is mainly used after allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so lower the risk of organ rejection. It reduces interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by T-cells.- Ogawa Y, .et al. , Neurobiol Dis, 2018, Oct;118:142-154 PMID: 30026035
- Yuko Okamoto, .et al. , J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2018, 47: 62-66
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S1P Receptor antagonist
FTY720 is a derivative of ISP-1 (myriocin), a fungal metabolite of the Chinese herb Iscaria sinclarii as well as a structural analog of sphingosine.- Tina Sepasi, .et al. , Int J Pharm, 2023, Apr 5;636:122815 PMID: 36907279
- Tina Sepasi, .et al. , BioImpacts, 2022, 28 May
- Zengzi Zhou, .et al. , Infect Immun, 2020, Oct 19;88(11):e00281-20 PMID: 32868341
- Mayu Idehara, .et al. , Traditional & Kampo Medicine, 2020, 22 July
- Luwa Yuan, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2019, 9:11156 PMID: 31371790
- Sakai Y, .et al. , Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, Nov 22;124:505-514 PMID: 30471397
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COX-1 inhibitor
Ibuprofen Lysine(Motrin) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. -
IMPDH inhibitor
Mycophenolate mofetil is a reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) in purine biosynthesis (specifically guanine synthesis) which is necessary for the growth of T cells and B cells. - Mycophenolic Acid is an immunosuppressant small molecule isolated as a fermentation product from several Penicillium species.
- Romana Vrzonova, .et al. , FEMS Yeast Res, 2021, Jun 29;21(5):foab034 PMID: 34089318
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COX inhibitor
Phenylbutazone is a compound of research interest as an anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agent. -
COX inhibitor
Pravadoline (WIN 48,098) is antiinflammatory and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, acting through inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).- Sharma P, .et al. , Org Lett, 2016, Feb 5;18(3):412-5 PMID: 26745849
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CXCR4 antagonist
Plerixafor is an immunostimulant used to multiply hematopoietic stem cells and it is a chemokine receptor-4 antagonist for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation.- Federico Antoniciello, .et al. , Front Mol Biosci, 2023, May 11;9:887564 PMID: 35647033
- Mei Zheng, .et al. , Biomed Pharmacother, 2022, Jun;150:112996 PMID: 35462338
- Asiedu KO, .et al. , EJNMMI Res, 2018, Dec 13;8(1):109 PMID: 30547233
- Kingsley O. Asiedu, .et al. , Clin Cancer Res, 2017, Jun 1; 23(11): 2759-2768 PMID: 27965305
- 6-Thioguanine (Thioguanine; 2-Amino-6-purinethiol) is an anti-leukemia and immunosuppressant agent,
- Kevin Bohm, .et al. , Arch Pharm (Weinheim), 2023, Jul;356(7):e2200661 PMID: 37196427
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COX inhibitor
Pranoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in ophthalmology -
COX-2 inhibitor
Nimesulide is a relatively COX-2 selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. -
COX/LOX inhibitor
Licofelone is a dual COX/LOX inhibitor, being considered as a treatment for osteoarthritis. It may reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which only inhibit COX (cyclooxygenase). Licofelone is the first drug to inhibit both.- Silke Neumann, .et al. , Front Immunol, 2016, 7: 537 PMID: 27994586
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Hsp90/SRC/COX-2 Inhibitor
Radicicol is a potent inhibitor of Hsp90, SRC, and Cox-2- Guangsen Li, .et al. , Pharm Biol, 2023, 61(1): 271-280 PMID: 36655371
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COX-1 inhibitor
(-)-Epicatechin is a natural product from green tea. (-)Epicatechin is an inhibitor of Cox-1- Grace Northrop, .et al. , Food Funct, 2022, Apr 4;13(7):3894-3904 PMID: 35285840
- A S D'Costa, .et al. , Food Chem, 2020, Oct 1;341(Pt 2):128256 PMID: 33035827
- Mihaela Tudorache, .et al. , Food Hydrocoll, 2019, 97, Dec, 105193
- Md Shajedul Islam, .et al. , Innovative food science & emerging technologies, 2016, v.34 pp. 344-351
- Islam MS, .et al. , J Agric Food Chem, 2016, Oct 10 PMID: 27632812
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COX-2 inhibitor
Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid found in many plants as either the free acid or in the esterified form of gallotannins and ellagitannins. Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2. -
COX-1 inhibitor
Catechin is a polyphenolic flavonoid which has been isolated from a variety of natural sources including tea leaves, grape seeds, and the wood and bark of trees such as acacia and mahogany. - Benzenepentacarboxylic acid (BA), a novel fluorescent probes to detect and scavenge HO-.
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CXCR4 antagonist
Plerixafor is an immunostimulant used to multiply hematopoietic stem cells and it is a chemokine receptor-4 antagonist for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation.- Hitoshi Maeda, .et al. , Int J Biol Macromol, 2022, Sep 17;221:1439-1452 PMID: 36126807
- Jingying Chen, .et al. , Development, 2022, Jul 1;149(13) PMID: 35694896
- Narubhorn Ongprakobkul, .et al. , Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2022, Mar 2;S0889-5406(22)00107-X PMID: 35248418
- Chunliang Liu, .et al. , J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022, Jan 10;71:126927 PMID: 35030482
- Eri Watanabe, .et al. , Angiogenesis, 2020, Jul 22 PMID: 32699964
- Alessandra Esposito, .et al. , Bone, 2020, Jul 3;139:115521 PMID: 32629173
- Kentaro Suzuki, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2019, 9: 15284
- Ichimizu S, .et al. , J Control Release, 2019, May 10;304:156-163 PMID: 31082432
- Nan Li, .et al. , Diagn Pathol, 2019, Jan 12;14(1):3 PMID: 30636642
- Thida W, .et al. , Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, Nov 20. pii: S0006-291X(18)32477-X PMID: 30470571
- Henry R. Hampton, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 7139 PMID: 25972253
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COX-2 inhibitor
Bromfenac sodium is a topically selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor -
TLR7 agonist
GS-9620 is a potent and selective orally active small molecule agonist of Toll-like receptor 7.- Yu-Geun Ji, .et al. , J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2019, 12 November, 112987
- Zhikuan Zhang, .et al. , Cell Reports, 2018, 25(12): 3371-3381.e5 PMID: 30566863
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COX-2 inhibitor
Valdecoxib, also known as SC-65872, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. -
NLRP3 inhibitor
MCC950 sodium is a potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor that inhibits IL-1beta production with IC50 value of 7.5 nm. -
INOS inhibitor
1400W Dihydrochloride is a slow, tight binding, potent and highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (Kd = 7 nM). Selective over nNOS and eNOS (Ki values are 2 and 50 μM respectively). Cell-permeable and active in vivo. - Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).
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COX-2 inhibitor
Etoricoxib specifically binds to and inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in inhibition of the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Inhibition of COX-2 may induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. - Benzydamine Hcl is a locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with local anaesthetic and analgesic properties; selectively binds to prostaglandin synthetase and has notable in vitro antibacterial activity.
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T cell activator
beta-Interleukin I (163-171), human, a peptide. Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins/signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). -
Immunomodulator
Aceneuramic acid is an immunomodulator potentially for treatment of hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM). -
TRK, ROS1, ALK inhibitor
Entrectinib, also known as RXDX-101 and NMS-E628, is an oral small molecule inhibitor of TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, as well as ROS1 and ALK, with high potency and selectivity. -
Antioxidants
Glutathione oxidized, or GSSG, results from glutathione undergoing oxidation. It plays a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species, a process that concurrently generates GSSG. This oxidized form of glutathione is pivotal in studies concerning sickle cells and erythrocytes, where it's utilized for research purposes.
- Balsalazide sodium hydrate could suppress colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.
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antioxidant
α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells.