DNA Damage

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  1. Antioxidant, antiangiogenic, antitumor agent

    (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate is a potent anti-oxidant polyphenol flavonoid isolated from green tea.
  2. PARP1 inhibitor

    A-966492 displayed high potency against the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) enzyme with a K(i) of 1 nM and an EC(50) of 1 nM in a whole cell assay.
  3. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

    ABT-492 is a new fluoroquinolone against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens.
  4. PARP inhibitor

    ABT-888(Veliparib) is a potential anti-cancer drug acting as a PARP inhibitor.
  5. Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

    Cycloheximide (also known as actidione) is used as an selective antibiotic. It inhibits the protein synthesis (DNA-dependent RNA) of saprobic fungi eukaryotes. by binding with the 80S ribosome, while inactive against dermatophytes and systemic fungi.
  6. topoisomerase II inhibitor

    Adriamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic, it works by intercalating DNA, while most serious adverse effect being life-threatening heart damage. It is commonly used in the treatment of a wide range of cancers, including hematological malignancies, many types of carcinoma, and soft tissue sarcomas.

  7. DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitor

    Fluorouracil (Adrucil) is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase.
  8. PARP inhibitor

    AG-014699 (Rucaparib) is a PARP inhibitor that inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a key enzyme in DNA repair.
  9. PARP inhibitor

    AG14361 is a potent PARP inhibitor, enhanced TMZ cytotoxicity in MMR(mismatch repair)-proficient / deficient cells.
  10. Alendronate is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that is commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.
  11. Altretamine is classified as an alkylating antineoplastic agent.This unique structure is believed to damage tumor cells through the production of the weakly alkylating species formaldehyde, a product of CYP450-mediated N-demethylation.
  12. Topoisomerase inhibitor

    Amonafide is a DNA intercalator and topoisomerase II inhibitor for the treatment of neoplastic diseases, one of Antitumor agent.

  13. PARP inhibitor

    Olaparib (AZD2281) is an inhibitor of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), an enzyme involved in DNA repair.
  14. HDAC inhibitor

    Belinostat (PXD101) is a HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC activity in HeLa cell extracts with an IC50 of 27 nM.
  15. Bendamustine Hydrochloride is a small molecule bifunctional DNA alkylating agent, combining a nitrogen mustard functionality with a purine-analog structure. The dense DNA-damaging functionality of Bendamustine differentiates it from other compounds used as antiproliferative agents, and these functionalities are thought to promote cell death through a variety of different pathways including apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe.

  16. Berberine hydrochloride was novelly found that it has various beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and significant anti-inflammatory activities. Berberine can effectively reduce intracellular superoxide levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Such a restoration of cellular redox by berberine is mediated by its selective inhibition of gp91phox expression and enhancement of SOD activity.

  17. PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor

    BEZ235 (NVP-BEZ235) inhibits PI3K and mTOR kinase activity by binding to the ATP-binding cleft of these enzymes.
  18. Telomerase Inhibitor

    BIBR 1532 is a selective telomerase inhibitor (IC50 values are 93, > 100000 and > 100000 nM for human telomerase, human RNA polymerase I and human RNA polymerase II + III respectively).

  19. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Bleomycin sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus.
  20. PARP inhibitor

    BSI-201 is a potent inhibitor of PARP-1 and has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier.
  21. Topoisomerase I inhibitor

    Camptothecin is a cytotoxic quinoline alkaloid which inhibits the DNA enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I).
  22. Carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug used against some forms of cancer (mainly ovarian carcinoma, lung, head and neck cancers). Cisplatin and carboplatin, as well as oxaliplatin, interact with DNA, akin to the mechanism of alkylating agents.

  23. Topoisomerase inhibitor

    Cerubidine (Daunorubicin HCl, Rubidomycin HCl) interacts with DNA by intercalation and inhibition of macromolecular biosynthesis. This inhibits the progression of the enzyme topoisomerase II, which relaxes supercoils in DNA for transcription. It stabilizes the topoisomerase II complex after it has broken the DNA chain for replication, preventing the DNA double helix from being resealed and thereby stopping the process of replication.

  24. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Cidofovir (Vistide) is an antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (ie: retinitis).
  25. Cisplatin was the first member of a class of platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs, which now also includes carboplatin and oxaliplatin. These platinum complexes react in vivo, binding to and causing crosslinking of DNA, which ultimately triggers apoptosis (programmed cell death).
  26. Clafen (Cyclophosphamide) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent. An alkylating agent adds an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to DNA. It attaches the alkyl group to the guanine base of DNA, at the number 7 nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring.
  27. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Clofarabine is a second generation purine nucleoside analog with antineoplastic activity
  28. Telomerase inhibitor

    Costunolide is an Inhibitor of human telomerase activity (IC50 = 65 μM in MCF-7 breast cancer cells). It is described to act as an antioxidant, anti-mycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral, with cytotoxic activity.
  29. HDAC inhibitor

    CUDC-101 is a novel compound which inhibits multiple targets, which is designed to inhibit HDAC, EGFR and Her2.
  30. Dacarbazine is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various cancers.Dacarbazine is a member of the class of alkylating agents, which destroy cancer cells by adding an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) to its DNA.
  31. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of certain infections caused by Gram-positive organisms.
  32. HDAC inhibitor

    Droxinostat is a selective inhibitor of HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8 that shows comparable inhibition of HDAC6 and HDAC8 with IC50 = 2.47 and 1.46 μmol/L, respectively.
  33. Topoisomerase II inhibitor

    Epirubicin is a cell-permeable anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. It is a stereoisomer(4?€?-epi-isomer) of doxorubicin that exhibits reduced cardiotoxicity. It is used to inhibit topoisomerase II and DNA helicase activity.
  34. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent that is used in cancer chemotherapy. In vivo studies showed that Oxaliplatin has anti-tumor activity against colon carcinoma through its (non-targeted) cytotoxic effects.
  35. Topoisomerase II inhibitor

    Etoposide forms a ternary complex with DNA and the topoisomerase II enzyme (which aids in DNA unwinding), prevents re-ligation of the DNA strands, and by doing so causes DNA strands to break. Therefore, this causes errors in DNA synthesis and promotes apoptosis of the cancer cell.
  36. SIRT1 inhibitor

    EX 527 is a potent and selective SIRT1 class III histone deacetylase enzyme inhibitor with IC50 of 38 nM in a cell-free assay.
  37. Fisetin is a flavonol, a structurally distinct chemical substance that belongs to the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It can be found in many plants, where it serves as a colouring agent. Possible anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-viral properties of fisetin are under active scientific investigation.
  38. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Floxuridine is an oncology drug that belongs to the class known as antimetabolites.
  39. Fludarabine or fludarabine phosphate (Fludara) is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of hematological malignancies (cancers of blood cells such as leukemias and lymphomas) .Fludarabine inhibits DNA synthesis by interfering with ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase. It is active against both dividing and resting cells.
  40. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Tegafur is a chemotherapeutic 5-FU prodrug used in the treatment of cancers. It is a component of tegafur-uracil.
  41. DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV inhibitor

    Gatifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic which inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (IC50 = 0.109 ng/ml) and topoisomerase IV (IC50 = 13.8 ng/ml).
  42. DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor

    Gemcitabine (Gemzar) is a newer chemotherapy drug acting by replacing one of the building blocks of nucleic acids during DNA replication in cancer cells, preventing tumor growth.
  43. Genistin is an isoflavone found in a number of dietary plants like soy and kudzu. It was shown to stimulate estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell growth in vivo.
  44. Topoisomerase inhibitor

    Idarubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that is an anti-leukemia agent with higher DNA binding capacity and greater cytotoxicity than daunorubicin.
  45. Ifosfamide is a cytostatic agent that is structurally related to cyclophosphamide.
  46. PARP Inhibitor

    3-Aminobenzamide is a novel PARP inhibitor, known to sensitize cells to radiation in vitro by inhibiting the repair of DNA damage.
  47. Topoisomerase I inhibitor

    Irinotecan prevents DNA from unwinding by inhibition of topoisomerase 1.
  48. Topoisomerase inhibitor

    Irinotecan (CPT 11), a compound within the camptothecin family, is an inhibitor of topoisomerase 1 involved in cellular DNA replication and transcription.
  49. HDAC inhibitor

    ITF2357 (Givinostat) is a HDACs inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antineoplastic activities.
  50. HDAC inhibitor

    JNJ-26481585 (Quisinostat) is a pan-HDAC inhibitor with marked potency toward HDAC1 (IC(50), 0.16 nmol/L).

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